Killikelly Clare, Reymond Alexandra, Aeschlimann Anaïs, Maercker Andreas, Heim Eva
Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Clin Psychol Eur. 2025 Feb 28;7(1):e11435. doi: 10.32872/cpe.11435. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new and significant addition to the ICD-11 WHO disease classification system and the DSM 5-TR. As a new disorder, it stands to improve diagnostic precision, enhance communication among health professionals and patients, provide better access to care and lead to effective treatments and intervention. However, it remains to be determined if the new diagnostic criteria for PGD are applicable to different cultural groups.
Here we sought to adapt the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale for refugees and displaced people. We conducted two focus groups with clinicians and health care workers and six cognitive interviews with bereaved Arabic-speaking refugees.
This formative research resulted in an addendum (comprised of three new scales) to the IPGDS aimed to aid with treatment planning: the 42 item Addendum for Refugees and Displaced people (IPGDS-ARD). Here we present the steps for scale augmentation based on cultural considerations, a detailed description of clinical utility, feasibility and content validity established at each step, and an analysis of the percent of change in content at each step.
We conclude that the presented method of scale augmentation is a feasible and efficient approach that led to a culturally relevant, clinically useful addendum to an existing PGD questionnaire.
持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）是世界卫生组织疾病分类系统ICD - 11和《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版修订版（DSM 5 - TR）中新增的一种重要疾病。作为一种新疾病，它有望提高诊断准确性，加强医疗专业人员与患者之间的沟通，提供更好的医疗服务，并带来有效的治疗和干预措施。然而，PGD的新诊断标准是否适用于不同文化群体仍有待确定。
在此，我们试图改编国际持续性悲伤障碍量表，使其适用于难民和流离失所者。我们与临床医生和医护人员进行了两个焦点小组讨论，并与讲阿拉伯语的丧亲难民进行了六次认知访谈。
这项形成性研究产生了一份针对国际持续性悲伤障碍量表（IPGDS）的增编（由三个新量表组成），旨在辅助治疗规划：即42项难民和流离失所者增编（IPGDS - ARD）。在此，我们介绍基于文化考量的量表扩充步骤、对每一步所确立的临床实用性、可行性和内容效度的详细描述，以及对每一步内容变化百分比的分析。
我们得出结论，所提出的量表扩充方法是一种可行且有效的方法，它为现有的PGD问卷带来了一份与文化相关且具有临床实用性的增编。
