Killikelly C, Kagialis A, Henneman S, Coronado H, Demanarig D, Farahani H, Özdoğru A A, Yalçın B, Yockey A, Gosnell C L, Jia F, Maisel M, Stelzer E, Wilson D, Anderson J, Charles K, Cummings J P, Faas C, Knapp B, Koneczny B, Koch C, Bauer L M, Cuccolo C, Edlund J E, Heermans G F, McGillivray S, Shane-Simpson C, Staples A, Zheng Z, Zlokovich M S, Irgens M S
University of Zurich, Switzerland; University of British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Apr 14;327:306-314. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.095. Epub 2023 Jan 31.
In 2022, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and an update of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5 TR) were released for implementation worldwide and now include the new Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The newest definition of PGD is based on robust clinical research from the Global North yet until now has not been tested for global applicability.
The current study assesses the new PGD ICD-11 criteria in a large international sample of 1393 bereaved adults. The majority of the sample was included from the USΑ. Additionally, we conduct a sub-sample analysis to evaluate the psychometric properties, probable caseness of PGD, and differences in network structure across three regions of residency (USA, Greece-Cyprus, Turkey-Iran).
The psychometric validity and reliability of the 33-item International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS) were confirmed across the whole sample and for each regional group. Using the strict diagnostic algorithm, the probable caseness for PGD for the whole sample was 3.6 %. Probable caseness was highest for the Greece-Cyprus group (6.9 %) followed by Turkey-Iran (3.2 %) and the USA (2.8 %). Finally, the network structure of the IPGDS standard items and cultural supplement items (total of 33 items) confirmed the strong connection between central items of PGD, and revealed unique network connections within the regional groups.
Future research is encouraged to include larger sample sizes and a more systematic assessment of culture.
Overall, our findings confirm the global applicability of the new ICD-11 PGD disorder definition as evaluated through the newly developed IPGDS. This scale includes culturally sensitive grief symptoms that may improve clinical precision and decision-making.
2022年，《国际疾病分类》（ICD - 11）和《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM - 5 TR）更新版发布并在全球实施，其中新增了持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）。PGD的最新定义基于来自北半球的大量临床研究，但迄今为止尚未对其全球适用性进行测试。
本研究在1393名丧亲成年人的大型国际样本中评估新的ICD - 11 PGD标准。样本大部分来自美国。此外，我们进行了子样本分析，以评估心理测量特性、PGD的可能病例情况以及居住在三个地区（美国、希腊 - 塞浦路斯、土耳其 - 伊朗）的网络结构差异。
33项国际持续性悲伤障碍量表（IPGDS）在整个样本以及每个地区组中均证实了心理测量的有效性和可靠性。使用严格的诊断算法，整个样本中PGD的可能病例率为3.6%。希腊 - 塞浦路斯组的可能病例率最高（6.9%），其次是土耳其 - 伊朗（3.2%）和美国（2.8%）。最后，IPGDS标准项目和文化补充项目（共33项）的网络结构证实了PGD核心项目之间的紧密联系，并揭示了各地区组内独特的网络联系。
鼓励未来的研究纳入更大的样本量并对文化进行更系统的评估。
总体而言，我们的研究结果证实了通过新开发的IPGDS评估的新ICD - 11 PGD障碍定义的全球适用性。该量表包括对文化敏感的悲伤症状，可能会提高临床准确性和决策能力。
