Manzoor Saliha, Siddiqui Mobin A, Bashir Dar Junaid, Sarfaraj Mohd, Rastogi Shweta, Arora Indu, Samim Mohammed
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Apr 3. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04590-5.
Automotive catalytic converters have been used for many years to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the environment. Although they significantly reduce environmental pollutants, catalytic converters are known to increase the environmental loads of PGEs (platinum group elements), which are also detected in exhaust gases as micro and nano-sized particles. PGEs are generally regarded to be harmless for human health; nevertheless, their widespread usage in different applications, particularly in catalytic converters, and the consequent discharge of these elements into the environment, increases the concentration of Pt and Pt NPs in the environment. It also increases the chance of human exposure to Pt and Pt NPs, revealing a new risk factor. Based on the aforementioned concept, the pulmonary toxicity of size and morphology-dependent Pt NPs were investigated in this study, as well as the modulating effect of naringin on pulmonary toxicity imposed by the exposure of Pt NPs. Highly mono-dispersed Pt NPs of varied sizes and morphology were synthesized using the micro-emulsion method. Various techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Pt NPs. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced due to the exposure of different sizes and morphology-based Pt NPs to the lungs, following oral administration in Wistar rats for 28 days. Due to the continuous exposure of different size and morphology-dependent Pt NPs, the Wistar rats showed weakness and continuous decrease in body weight at different time intervals. Pulmonary toxicity induced due to the exposure of size and morphology-dependent Pt NPs was detected by the change in levels of biochemical markers (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α). The histological alterations in the lung tissues of Wistar rats, as compared to control, determined the toxicity imposed by their exposure. Furthermore, Naringin, a prominent flavanone glycoside found in many citrus fruits and plants, has been researched for its potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Pt NPs. Naringin was administered intraperitoneally and treatment also continued for 28 days. It was found that the prior exposure of naringin modulated the pulmonary toxicity of size and morphology-dependent Pt NPs. As an outcome of this study, we concluded that it is important to take into account the health risks of Pt and Pt NPs, in order to fully comprehend their environmental fate.
汽车催化转化器已被使用多年，以减少环境中有害物质的数量。尽管它们能显著减少环境污染物，但催化转化器会增加铂族元素（PGEs）的环境负荷，这些元素在废气中也以微米和纳米级颗粒的形式被检测到。一般认为铂族元素对人体健康无害；然而，它们在不同应用中的广泛使用，特别是在催化转化器中的使用，以及这些元素随之排放到环境中，增加了环境中铂（Pt）和铂纳米颗粒（Pt NPs）的浓度。这也增加了人类接触铂和铂纳米颗粒的机会，揭示了一个新的风险因素。基于上述概念，本研究调查了尺寸和形态依赖性铂纳米颗粒的肺毒性，以及柚皮苷对铂纳米颗粒暴露所致肺毒性的调节作用。使用微乳液法合成了各种尺寸和形态的高度单分散铂纳米颗粒。采用各种技术对合成的铂纳米颗粒进行表征。本研究旨在评估在Wistar大鼠口服给药28天后，不同尺寸和形态的铂纳米颗粒暴露对肺部诱导的毒性。由于持续暴露于不同尺寸和形态依赖性的铂纳米颗粒，Wistar大鼠在不同时间间隔出现虚弱和体重持续下降。通过生化标志物（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛）和促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α）水平的变化，检测了尺寸和形态依赖性铂纳米颗粒暴露所致的肺毒性。与对照组相比，Wistar大鼠肺组织的组织学改变确定了其暴露所造成的毒性。此外，柚皮苷是许多柑橘类水果和植物中发现的一种著名的黄酮糖苷，已对其减轻铂纳米颗粒毒性作用的潜力进行了研究。腹腔注射柚皮苷，治疗也持续28天。发现预先暴露于柚皮苷可调节尺寸和形态依赖性铂纳米颗粒的肺毒性。作为本研究的结果，我们得出结论，为了全面了解铂和铂纳米颗粒的环境归宿，考虑它们对健康的风险很重要。
