Shah Syed Sib Tul Hassan, Shan Wangjie, Wang Ying, Zheng Zhisheng, Feng Shuo, Wang Lingxiao, Hu Xiufang, Li Lin
Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Road 2, Xiasha, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
Mol Biotechnol. 2025 Apr 3. doi: 10.1007/s12033-025-01412-w.
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease, poses a significant threat to agriculture. The demand for safe and high-quality food has increased interest in biological control agents (BCAs), despite challenges related to stability and cost. Garbage enzymes (GEs) are a promising alternative, rich in beneficial microbes and organic compounds. In this study, four types of GEs (onion, garlic, ginger, and mixed fruit) were individually tested against R. solanacearum in vitro, with only onion GE showing significant inhibition. Filtered onion GE, which lacked any microbes, also showed inhibition; however, its heat-treated form exhibited a reduced inhibitory effect, indicating the role of heat-sensitive compounds in inhibiting R. solanacearum. An antagonistic bacterial strain A1, isolated from onion GE, inhibited pathogen growth by up to 75% through volatile compounds. Cell-free culture filtrate of the strain A1 also inhibited R. solanacearum in vitro. Strain A1 exhibited nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and extracellular enzyme production, positioning it as a potent biocontrol agent. The genome analysis of the strain A1 revealed the presence of several plant growth-promoting genes. In vivo studies with GE, GE-filtered, and strain A1 demonstrated significant pathogen inhibition and promoted tobacco plant growth. Disease incidence was reduced to 26.6% with GE, 46.67% with microbe-free GE, and 40% with strain A1. Overall, these treatments positively impacted plant root and shoot lengths as well as both fresh and dry weights. Our findings highlight onion GE as a potential, environmentally friendly method for controlling bacterial wilt and enhancing plant development, offering an alternative approach to traditional chemical controls in agriculture.
青枯雷尔氏菌是细菌性枯萎病的病原体，对农业构成重大威胁。尽管存在与稳定性和成本相关的挑战，但对安全优质食品的需求增加了人们对生物防治剂（BCAs）的兴趣。垃圾酶（GEs）是一种有前途的替代品，富含有益微生物和有机化合物。在本研究中，四种类型的GEs（洋葱、大蒜、生姜和混合水果）分别在体外针对青枯雷尔氏菌进行了测试，只有洋葱GE显示出显著的抑制作用。不含任何微生物的过滤洋葱GE也显示出抑制作用；然而，其热处理形式表现出降低的抑制效果，表明热敏化合物在抑制青枯雷尔氏菌中的作用。从洋葱GE中分离出的拮抗细菌菌株A1通过挥发性化合物抑制病原体生长高达75%。菌株A1的无细胞培养滤液在体外也抑制了青枯雷尔氏菌。菌株A1表现出固氮、铁载体产生、吲哚乙酸（IAA）合成和胞外酶产生，使其成为一种有效的生物防治剂。菌株A1的基因组分析揭示了几个促进植物生长的基因的存在。对GE、过滤后的GE和菌株A1进行的体内研究表明，它们对病原体有显著抑制作用，并促进了烟草植株的生长。使用GE时，发病率降至26.6%，使用无微生物GE时降至46.67%，使用菌株A1时降至40%。总体而言，这些处理对植物的根和茎长度以及鲜重和干重都有积极影响。我们的研究结果突出了洋葱GE作为一种潜在的、环境友好的控制细菌性枯萎病和促进植物发育的方法，为农业中的传统化学控制提供了一种替代方法。
