Mostafa Mostafa, Disouky Ahmed, Lazarov Orly
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Apr;22(3):e00580. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00580. Epub 2025 Apr 2.
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. The hippocampal formation is the most vulnerable brain area in Alzheimer's disease. Neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus are lost at early stages of the disease. A unique feature of the hippocampus is the formation of new neurons that incorporate in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. New neurons form synapses with neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and with the CA3 region. Immature and new neurons are characterized by high level of plasticity. They play important roles in learning and memory. Hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired early in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and in human patients. In fact, neurogenesis is compromised in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), suggesting that rescuing neurogenesis may restore hippocampal plasticity and attenuate neuronal vulnerability and memory loss. This review will discuss the current understanding of therapies that target neurogenesis or modulate it, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
阿尔茨海默病的特征是进行性记忆丧失和认知衰退。海马结构是阿尔茨海默病中最易受损的脑区。在内嗅皮层第II层和海马CA1区的神经元在疾病早期就会丢失。海马的一个独特特征是新神经元在海马齿状回中形成。新神经元与内嗅皮层第II层的神经元以及CA3区形成突触。未成熟和新的神经元具有高度的可塑性。它们在学习和记忆中发挥重要作用。在阿尔茨海默病的小鼠模型和人类患者中，海马神经发生在早期就受到损害。事实上，神经发生在轻度认知障碍（MCI）中也受到损害，这表明挽救神经发生可能恢复海马可塑性，并减轻神经元易损性和记忆丧失。本综述将讨论目前针对神经发生或调节神经发生的治疗方法在治疗阿尔茨海默病方面的理解。
