Li Ruili, Huang Shuting, Hu Yuyang, Sun Xiaotong, Zhang Zhipeng, Yang Zaixuan, Liu Qi, Chen Xiaoqing
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China.
Anal Chem. 2025 Apr 15;97(14):8030-8038. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00504. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
Research on nanoplastic (NP) toxicity and their "carrier effects" on human health remains nascent, especially for real-time, in situ monitoring of metabolic reactions in live cells. Herein, we developed smart surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) slides using a cyclic centrifugation-enhanced electrostatic loading (CCEL) method to facilitatively track live-cell metabolic signals. The designed core-shell polystyrene NPs (mPS) with embedded Raman probes successfully identified intracellular accumulation via a distinct Raman-silent peak. The smart SERS slide effectively monitored the metabolic changes induced by mPS at the molecular level, distinguishing different stages of membrane interaction, the endocytosis process, endosomal aggregation, and cell apoptosis. Besides, this platform was employed to perform a real-time, in situ comparison of cell cycle alterations induced by bare NPs and their "carrier effects", revealing that NPs extended both the S and G2 phases in BEAS-2B cells, while the "carrier effects" further prolonged G2 and disrupted S-phase progression. Additionally, we integrated machine learning algorithms to accurately predict the cell cycle impacts associated with mPS and their "carrier effects". This study provides a label-free, in situ, real-time method for monitoring NP-induced metabolic changes in live cells, laying the groundwork for further investigation into cytotoxic behaviors and strategies to mitigate NP toxicity.
关于纳米塑料（NP）毒性及其对人类健康的“载体效应”的研究仍处于起步阶段，尤其是对于活细胞中代谢反应的实时、原位监测。在此，我们采用循环离心增强静电加载（CCEL）方法开发了智能表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）载玻片，以方便地跟踪活细胞代谢信号。设计的带有嵌入拉曼探针的核壳聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（mPS）通过一个独特的拉曼沉默峰成功识别了细胞内积累。智能SERS载玻片在分子水平上有效地监测了mPS诱导的代谢变化，区分了膜相互作用、内吞过程、内体聚集和细胞凋亡的不同阶段。此外，该平台用于对裸纳米颗粒诱导的细胞周期改变及其“载体效应”进行实时、原位比较，揭示纳米颗粒延长了BEAS-2B细胞的S期和G2期，而“载体效应”进一步延长了G2期并扰乱了S期进程。此外，我们整合了机器学习算法以准确预测与mPS及其“载体效应”相关的细胞周期影响。本研究提供了一种无标记、原位、实时的方法来监测纳米颗粒诱导的活细胞代谢变化，为进一步研究细胞毒性行为和减轻纳米颗粒毒性的策略奠定了基础。
