Role of DNA Methylation in the Pathogenesis of Skin Disorders: Mechanisms, Inhibitors of Methylation-Related Enzyme, and Molecular Docking Studies.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism modulating gene expression without altering the genetic sequence and plays a significant role in skin disorders. Methylation patterns on specific genes can lead to either overexpression or suppression, impacting cellular functions critical to skin health. Skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, androgenetic alopecia, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis have been linked to abnormal DNA methylation, which contributes to disease progression through immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation. The methylation of genes like S100A2 and FCERIG in atopic dermatitis or FLG in eczema illustrates how modifications affect immune pathways and skin integrity. Recent advancements in DNA methylation analysis have enhanced the precision of detecting methylation levels and their influence on gene expression, leading to a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms. Identifying aberrant methylation patterns offers potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets, especially in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Further exploration of epigenetic changes could pave the way for innovative treatments, addressing underlying epigenetic disruptions that characterize these conditions.