Understanding uremic cardiomyopathy: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and the horizon of therapeutic innovations.

Uremic cardiomyopathy (UC) is a significant cardiovascular complication in individuals with end-stage renal disease. This review aims to explore the multifaceted landscape of UC, including the key pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and current therapeutic approaches. The prevalence of cardiac hypertrophy, as a hallmark of UC, is highlighted and some new insights to its intricate pathogenesis, involving uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses is elucidated. Diagnostic complexities, including the absence of specific biomarkers, are discussed, and the need for advanced imaging modalities and emerging diagnostic strategies are emphasized. Current therapeutic interventions, although lacking specificity, are addressed, paving its way to the potential future directions in targeted therapies. The review concludes new insights into the critical importance of ongoing research and technological advancements which will enhance early detection, precision treatment, and ultimately improve outcomes for individuals with UC.