Serim Ahmet Tansel, Asav Ünal, Kaya Yalçın, Başaran Bülent, Patterson Eric L
Department of Plant Protection, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
Department of Plant Protection, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
PeerJ. 2025 Mar 31;13:e19177. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19177. eCollection 2025.
Changes in the timing and intensity of spring rainfall have led to a significant increase in late-season weed emergence in Türkiye. These newly emerged weeds tend to grow more vigorously due to the absence of competition with crops and other weeds during their development. Two field experiments were conducted in continuous monoculture winter wheat over three growing seasons (2020-2023) in Türkiye. The first goal was to determine the impact of post-harvest herbicide (PHH) on the critical time for weed removal (CTWR) in winter wheat, and the second goal was to evaluate the effects of PHH combined with various weed control treatments on weed populations, the soil seed bank, and crop yield. The experiment followed a split-plot design, with the PHH regimes and weed removal timing or weed control treatments serving as the main and sub-plots, respectively. The herbicide regime included post-harvest glyphosate potassium salt (PHG) applied at 2.646 kg ai ha and No PHG. Weed removal timings were set at 10-day intervals, from 0 to 110 days after wheat emergence (DAE). Weedy and weed-free controls were included for comparison. The weed control treatments involved post-emergence tribenuron-methyl at 7.5 g ai ha and hand weeding. The application of the PHG delayed the CTWR from 416 growing degree days (GDD) to 516.5 GDD in 2022 and from 465.6 GDD to 661.2 GDD in 2023, effectively preventing yield loss. The combined use of PHG with post-emergence tribenuron-methyl or hand weeding maximized wheat yield while minimizing the weed flora and the size of the soil seed bank.
春季降雨时间和强度的变化导致土耳其季末杂草出苗显著增加。这些新出苗的杂草由于在生长发育过程中没有与作物和其他杂草竞争，往往生长得更加旺盛。在土耳其连续三个生长季（2020 - 2023年）的冬小麦连作单作田中进行了两项田间试验。第一个目标是确定收获后除草剂（PHH）对冬小麦除草关键期（CTWR）的影响，第二个目标是评估PHH与各种杂草控制处理相结合对杂草种群、土壤种子库和作物产量的影响。试验采用裂区设计，PHH处理和除草时间或杂草控制处理分别作为主区和副区。除草剂处理包括以2.646千克有效成分/公顷施用收获后草甘膦钾盐（PHG）和不施用PHG。除草时间设定为从小麦出苗后（DAE）0至110天，每隔10天进行一次。设置了有杂草和无杂草对照进行比较。杂草控制处理包括以7.5克有效成分/公顷施用苗后甲基苯磺隆和人工除草。2022年，PHG的施用将CTWR从416生长度日（GDD）推迟到516.5 GDD，2023年从465.6 GDD推迟到661.2 GDD，有效防止了产量损失。PHG与苗后甲基苯磺隆或人工除草联合使用，在使杂草群落和土壤种子库规模最小化的同时，使小麦产量最大化。
