Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 18;16(2):e0247137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247137. eCollection 2021.
The world population will rise in future, which would demand more wheat production to fulfil dietary needs of wheat-dependent population of the world. Food security in wheat-dependent regions will greatly rely on wheat productivity. Weed infestation is a major constraint reducing wheat productivity globally. Nonetheless, cropping systems and weed management strategies strongly influence weed infestation in modern agriculture. Herbicides are the key weed management tool in conventional agriculture. However, frequent use of herbicides have resulted in the evolution of herbicide-resistance weeds, which made weed management a challenging task. Sustainable and eco-friendly weed management strategies shift weed-crop competition in the favour of crop plants. Limited studies have evaluated the interactive effect of cropping systems and weed management strategies on weed flora of wheat-based cropping systems (WBCSs). This two-year study evaluated the impact of different weed management strategies (WMSs) on weed flora of WBCSs, i.e., fallow-wheat (FW), rice-wheat (RW), cotton-wheat (CW), mungbean-wheat (MW) and sorghum-wheat (SW). The WMSs included in the study were, false seedbed, allelopathic water extracts and herbicide application, while weed-free and weedy-check were maintained as control treatments. Data relating to diversity and density of individual and total broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds were recorded. The WBCSs, WMSs and their interaction significantly altered diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Weed-free and weedy-check treatments recorded the lowest and the highest values of diversity and density of individual, total, broadleaved and narrow-leaved weeds. Herbicide application effectively reduced density and diversity of weeds. Allelopathic water extracts and false seedbed proved less effective than herbicides. On the other hand, SW cropping system not only reduced weed density but also limited the weed flora. It is concluded that false seedbed and SW cropping system can be efficiently used to manage weeds in WBCSs. However, long-term studies are needed to infer the impact of SW cropping system and false seedbed on soil properties, soil microbes and productivity of wheat crop.
未来世界人口将增加，这将需要更多的小麦生产来满足世界上依赖小麦的人口的饮食需求。小麦依赖地区的粮食安全将在很大程度上依赖于小麦生产力。杂草的侵扰是降低全球小麦生产力的主要限制因素。尽管如此，种植制度和杂草管理策略强烈影响现代农业中的杂草侵扰。除草剂是常规农业中杂草管理的关键工具。然而，除草剂的频繁使用导致了抗除草剂杂草的进化，这使得杂草管理成为一项具有挑战性的任务。可持续和环保的杂草管理策略将杂草-作物竞争转向有利于作物植物。有限的研究评估了种植制度和杂草管理策略对小麦基种植制度（WBCS）杂草区系的相互影响。这项为期两年的研究评估了不同杂草管理策略（WMS）对 WBCS 杂草区系的影响，即休耕-小麦（FW）、水稻-小麦（RW）、棉花-小麦（CW）、绿豆-小麦（MW）和高粱-小麦（SW）。研究中包括的 WMS 有假苗床、化感水提取物和除草剂施用，而无草和杂草对照作为对照处理。记录了与个体和总宽叶和窄叶杂草的多样性和密度有关的数据。WBCS、WMS 及其相互作用显著改变了个体、总、宽叶和窄叶杂草的多样性和密度。无草和杂草对照处理记录了个体、总、宽叶和窄叶杂草多样性和密度的最低和最高值。除草剂的施用有效地降低了杂草的密度和多样性。化感水提取物和假苗床的效果不如除草剂。另一方面，SW 种植制度不仅降低了杂草密度，而且限制了杂草区系。结论是，假苗床和 SW 种植制度可以有效地用于管理 WBCS 中的杂草。然而，需要进行长期研究，以推断 SW 种植制度和假苗床对土壤特性、土壤微生物和小麦作物生产力的影响。
