Biopolymeric starch-based matrix: A sustainable platform for slow release fertilizers.

Starch, a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer, offers immense potential as a base material for developing slow-release fertilizers. This study focuses on utilizing starch-based materials to encapsulate nutrients that enable slow and regulated release in response to environmental conditions. Various methods like chemical reduction, crosslinking, sol-gel, mixing and blending, etc. with other polymers were explored for modification of starch. These alterations may help to increase the mechanical strength and also enhance the water resistance along with the release dynamics of the fertilizer matrix. The potential use of starch-based fertilizers in maximizing crop yield as well as plant growth and lowering nutrient losses was also explored. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent findings on starch, including its modification in addition to its applications in slow-release fertilizers. It also highlights their ability to boost productivity, enhance nutrient management, and support sustainable farming practices.