Dikkeboom R, Van der Knaap W P, Meuleman E A, Sminia T
Immunology. 1985 Jul;55(3):547-53.
The immunological immaturity of juvenile specimens of some snail species, e.g. Lymnaea stagnalis, may contribute to their greater susceptibility to infection by schistosome parasites. In a comparison between juvenile and adult specimens of the pond snail L. stagnalis, we have shown that the blood cells (amoebocytes) of juvenile snails are less efficient at phagocytosing: fewer amoebocytes are competent and the average number of particles engulfed per cell is lower. This functional immaturity seems to correlate with morphological immaturity of the amoebocytes. Opsonic and haemagglutinating activities are low in juvenile snail plasma, but much higher in adult plasma. Finally, however, the initial rate at which injected bacteria are eliminated from the circulation seems only slightly slower in juvenile snails than it is in adults.
一些蜗牛物种（如椎实螺）幼体的免疫不成熟可能导致它们更容易受到血吸虫寄生虫的感染。在对椎实螺幼体和成体样本的比较中，我们发现幼体蜗牛的血细胞（变形细胞）吞噬效率较低：有吞噬能力的变形细胞较少，每个细胞吞噬的颗粒平均数量也较低。这种功能上的不成熟似乎与变形细胞的形态不成熟相关。幼体蜗牛血浆中的调理素和血凝活性较低，但成体血浆中的则高得多。然而，最终，幼体蜗牛从循环系统中清除注入细菌的初始速率似乎仅比成体蜗牛略慢。
