Singh Taru, Hussain Syed Shah Areeb, Pradhan K, Rawat Monica, Dhiman Ramesh Chand
Environmental Epidemiology Division, National Institute of Malaria Research- Indian Council of Medical Research, Dwarka Sector 8, New Delhi, 110077, India.
Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
Trop Med Health. 2025 Apr 7;53(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s41182-025-00719-3.
Malaria is one of the most infectious life-threatening vector-borne diseases affected by climate change. Because of the emerging climate change problem, it was thought prudent to identify prevalent mosquito species and find the malaria parasite's presence in field-collected mosquitoes in Odisha.
The study was undertaken at four villages in the Rourkela, Sundergarh district of Odisha, India, from January 2018 to January 2020, generating entomological and climatic data. Field-collected mosquitoes were processed, and DNA was extracted, followed by multiplex PCR for differentiation of sibling species for Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles fluviatilis mosquitoes. Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay was also performed for detection of circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium. Sequencing was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method.
For Anopheles culicifacies, 43.25% of mosquitoes belonged to sibling species C, followed by species B, A, and D. Similarly, for Anopheles fluviatilis, sibling species T was found in 57.5%, followed by species U and S. Sibling species were confirmed on the difference in the sequences of conserved regions of the 28S rDNA.
We can conclude that sibling species C (Anopheles culicifacies) was predominant in Rourkela, and sequencing further confirmed the presence of parasites (Plasmodium vivax) in Anopheles culicifacies as sibling species C.
疟疾是受气候变化影响的最具传染性的威胁生命的媒介传播疾病之一。由于新出现的气候变化问题，人们认为在奥里萨邦确定流行的蚊种并在野外采集的蚊子中寻找疟原虫的存在是谨慎之举。
该研究于2018年1月至2020年1月在印度奥里萨邦孙德尔加尔区鲁尔克拉的四个村庄进行，收集昆虫学和气候数据。对野外采集的蚊子进行处理，提取DNA，然后进行多重PCR以区分库氏按蚊和溪流按蚊的亲缘种。还进行了酶联免疫吸附测定以检测疟原虫的环子孢子蛋白。进行测序，并使用邻接法构建系统发育树。
对于库氏按蚊，43.25%的蚊子属于亲缘种C，其次是B、A和D种。同样，对于溪流按蚊，57.5%发现了亲缘种T，其次是U和S种。根据28S rDNA保守区域序列的差异确认了亲缘种。
我们可以得出结论，亲缘种C（库氏按蚊）在鲁尔克拉占主导地位，测序进一步证实了库氏按蚊中作为亲缘种C的疟原虫（间日疟原虫）的存在。
