Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 837, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Malar J. 2023 Jan 17;22(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12936-023-04444-2.
Since its first report in Anopheles mosquitoes in 1950s, insecticide resistance has spread very fast to most sub-Saharan African malaria-endemic countries, where it is predicted to seriously jeopardize the success of vector control efforts, leading to rebound of disease cases. Supported mainly by four mechanisms (metabolic resistance, target site resistance, cuticular resistance, and behavioural resistance), this phenomenon is associated with intrinsic changes in the resistant insect vectors that could influence development of invading Plasmodium parasites. A literature review was undertaken using Pubmed database to collect articles evaluating directly or indiretly the impact of insecticide resistance and the associated mechanisms on key determinants of malaria vector competence including sialome composition, anti-Plasmodium immunity, intestinal commensal microbiota, and mosquito longevity. Globally, the evidence gathered is contradictory even though the insecticide resistant vectors seem to be more permissive to Plasmodium infections. The actual body of knowledge on key factors to vectorial competence, such as the immunity and microbiota communities of the insecticide resistant vector is still very insufficient to definitively infer on the epidemiological importance of these vectors against the susceptible counterparts. More studies are needed to fill important knowledge gaps that could help predicting malaria epidemiology in a context where the selection and spread of insecticide resistant vectors is ongoing.
自 20 世纪 50 年代在按蚊中首次报告以来，抗药性已迅速传播到大多数撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾流行国家，预计这将严重危及病媒控制工作的成功，导致疾病病例反弹。这种现象主要由四种机制（代谢抗性、靶标抗性、表皮抗性和行为抗性）支持，与抗性昆虫媒介的内在变化有关，这些变化可能影响入侵疟原虫寄生虫的发育。使用 Pubmed 数据库进行文献回顾，以收集直接或间接评估抗药性和相关机制对疟疾媒介能力的关键决定因素的影响的文章，包括唾液组组成、抗疟原虫免疫、肠道共生微生物群和蚊子寿命。全球范围内，收集到的证据相互矛盾，尽管抗药性媒介似乎对疟原虫感染更为宽容。关于媒介能力的关键因素（如抗药性媒介的免疫和微生物群落）的实际知识仍然非常不足，无法确定这些媒介对敏感对应物的流行病学重要性。需要开展更多研究，以填补重要的知识空白，这有助于在选择和传播抗药性媒介的背景下预测疟疾流行病学。
