Cromer Sara J, Seiglie Jacqueline A, Caballero A Enrique, Stanford Fatima Cody, Patel Chirag J
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
J Gen Intern Med. 2025 Apr 7. doi: 10.1007/s11606-025-09473-y.
Given rising diabetes prevalence in the USA, especially among minoritized communities, it is critical to understand perception of diabetes risk and risk factors in the general population and in subpopulations known to be at increased risk for diabetes.
We aimed to describe overall and cause-specific perceived diabetes risk, especially racial and ethnic differences in perceived risk.
Cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, during which years the survey asked participants whether they believed they were at risk for diabetes, and if so, for what reason(s).
Adult participants in the NHANES without diagnosed diabetes.
Self-reported race or ethnicity, as well as educational attainment and glycemic status, was examined as primary exposures. The primary outcomes examined were rates of overall and cause-specific perceived diabetes risk, in strata of race or ethnicity and either educational attainment or glycemic status.
Compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants, perceived diabetes risk was higher among Mexican-American and Other/Multi-Racial participants and lower among non-Hispanic Asian (NHA) participants. Perceived race-related diabetes risk was higher in all minoritized groups. Perceived overall, family history-related, and race-related risk increased with increasing educational attainment among minoritized but not NHW participants, and with knowledge of pre-diabetes status among all groups (24% perceived risk if normoglycemia, 69% if known pre-diabetes). Family history was the most frequently reported cause for perceived diabetes risk in all groups. In adjusted analyses, race and ethnicity were strongly associated with perceived race-related diabetes risk.
Compared to NHW individuals, US adults of any other race or ethnicity perceived higher race-related diabetes risk, increasing with educational attainment. Further research is needed to explore the impact of this perceived risk on physical and mental health outcomes and health behaviors.
鉴于美国糖尿病患病率不断上升，尤其是在少数族裔社区，了解普通人群以及已知糖尿病风险增加的亚人群对糖尿病风险和危险因素的认知至关重要。
我们旨在描述总体和特定病因的感知糖尿病风险，尤其是感知风险中的种族和民族差异。
对2011年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）进行横断面分析，在此期间，该调查询问参与者是否认为自己有患糖尿病的风险，如果是，原因是什么。
NHANES中未被诊断患有糖尿病的成年参与者。
将自我报告的种族或民族以及教育程度和血糖状态作为主要暴露因素。所检查的主要结局是按种族或民族以及教育程度或血糖状态分层的总体和特定病因的感知糖尿病风险率。
与非西班牙裔白人（NHW）参与者相比，墨西哥裔美国人和其他/多种族参与者的感知糖尿病风险更高，而非西班牙裔亚裔（NHA）参与者的感知糖尿病风险更低。所有少数族裔群体中与种族相关的感知糖尿病风险更高。在少数族裔而非NHW参与者中，总体、家族史相关和种族相关的感知风险随着教育程度的提高而增加，并且在所有群体中随着对糖尿病前期状态的了解而增加（血糖正常时24%的人感知有风险，已知糖尿病前期时为69%）。家族史是所有群体中最常报告的感知糖尿病风险原因。在多因素分析中，种族和民族与感知的种族相关糖尿病风险密切相关。
与NHW个体相比，任何其他种族或民族的美国成年人感知到的与种族相关的糖尿病风险更高，且随着教育程度的提高而增加。需要进一步研究来探讨这种感知风险对身心健康结局和健康行为的影响。
