GEAAD: generating evasive adversarial attacks against android malware defense.

Owing to the proliferation of mobile devices, Google's Android operating system has become a dominant force in global communication. However, its popularity makes it a prime target for cyberattacks. Effective malware detection systems are crucial for combating these escalating threats, particularly amid the evolving use of adversarial examples to evade detection. These systems employ static and dynamic analysis methodologies with machine learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which play a key role. The Android Opcode Modification GAN enhances malware detection by intelligently modifying opcode distribution features using the Opcode Frequency Optimal Adjustment algorithm. Despite its effectiveness, the dual-opponent generative adversarial network (DOpGAN) introduces a grey-box attack strategy that misclassifies generated examples as benign, significantly evading detection. DOpGAN operates by altering opcode distribution features during the generation and insertion process, making it particularly challenging for detection systems to classify correctly. The adversarial examples generated by DOpGAN highlight the critical need to integrate defensive measures such as adversarial example detection systems into the Android security framework. Beyond evasion, these adversarial examples provide invaluable opportunities for retraining and improving malware detection systems, thereby ensuring their resilience against emerging threats. The findings underscore the broader need for continuous innovation in Android security mechanisms, fostering collaboration between academia and industry to protect users and systems in an ever-evolving mobile security landscape.