Lee Eun-Hye, Yu Hea-Jin
College of Nursing, Sahmyook University 815, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2025 Apr 7;20(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13011-025-00648-8.
Smoking is a major preventable cause of death, associated with cancers and chronic diseases. Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs have proven effective, providing counseling, education, and mental health support. These interventions increase quit rates by tackling nicotine addiction, emphasizing the important role of nurses and the need for targeted training. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of various cessation strategies.
A literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases (CINAHL, EMbase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, RISS, KMbase, KISS, and NDSL). The literature search was conducted from March, 27, 2024, to August 1, 2024. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Quality assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. RevMan 5.4 was used for qualitative analysis, with effect sizes measured as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Thirteen studies, all published after 2005, were included in the evidence assessment of nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs. The interventions examined comprised 11 intensive or personalized counseling programs and 3 telephone-based approaches. The OR for self-reported quit success 7-day smoking cessation rate at 6-month follow-up was 1.43 (95% CI [1.08, 1.90]), indicating a significant difference in quit effectiveness (Z = 2.27, p =.01), with moderate heterogeneity observed across studies (I = 67.0%, p =.001). A meta-analysis of 7-day point abstinence rate at 12-month follow-up revealed a pooled OR of 1.18 (95% CI [0.96, 1.44]), showing no significant difference in quit effectiveness (Z = 1.58, p =.11) and moderate heterogeneity among the studies (I = 55.0%, p =.02).
A comprehensive approach by trained nursing professionals is essential in addressing the complexities of smoking cessation. Further clinical trials are needed to assess intervention methods and follow-up strategies. Future research should emphasize long-term outcomes and ongoing support to sustain behavior change, contributing to more effective, tailored cessation programs and improved public health outcomes.
吸烟是主要的可预防死因，与癌症和慢性病相关。由护士发起的戒烟项目已被证明是有效的，能提供咨询、教育和心理健康支持。这些干预措施通过解决尼古丁成瘾问题来提高戒烟率，强调了护士的重要作用以及针对性培训的必要性。系统评价和荟萃分析对于更深入了解各种戒烟策略的有效性至关重要。
使用八个电子数据库（CINAHL、EMbase、MEDLINE、Cochrane、RISS、KMbase、KISS和NDSL）进行文献检索。文献检索于2024年3月27日至2024年8月1日进行。所有纳入研究均为随机对照试验（RCT）。使用偏倚风险（ROB）工具进行质量评估。RevMan 5.4用于定性分析，效应大小以比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）衡量。
13项均在2005年后发表的研究被纳入护士发起的戒烟项目的证据评估。所研究的干预措施包括11项强化或个性化咨询项目和3种基于电话的方法。在6个月随访时自我报告的戒烟成功7天戒烟率的OR为1.43（95%CI[1.08,1.90]），表明戒烟效果存在显著差异（Z = 2.27，p = 0.01），各研究间观察到中度异质性（I = 67.0%，p = 0.001）。对12个月随访时7天点戒烟率的荟萃分析显示合并OR为1.18（95%CI[0.96,1.44]），表明戒烟效果无显著差异（Z = 1.58，p = 0.11），且研究间存在中度异质性（I = 55.0%，p = 0.02）。
训练有素的护理专业人员采用综合方法对于应对戒烟的复杂性至关重要。需要进一步的临床试验来评估干预方法和随访策略。未来的研究应强调长期结果和持续支持以维持行为改变，为更有效、量身定制的戒烟项目和改善公共卫生结果做出贡献。
