Abdala-Roberts Luis, Puentes Adriana, Finke Deborah L, Marquis Robert J, Montserrat Marta, Poelman Erik H, Rasmann Sergio, Sentis Arnaud, Symons Celia C, van Dam Nicole M, Wimp Gina, Björkman Christer, Mooney Kailen A
Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán, Yucatan, Mexico.
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Elife. 2025 Apr 8;14:e98899. doi: 10.7554/eLife.98899.
Global change is causing unprecedented degradation of the Earth's biological systems and thus undermining human prosperity. Past practices have focused either on monitoring biodiversity decline or mitigating ecosystem services degradation. Missing, but critically needed, are management approaches that monitor and restore species interaction networks, thus bridging existing practices. Our overall aim here is to lay the foundations of a framework for developing network management, defined here as the study, monitoring, and management of species interaction networks. We review theory and empirical evidence demonstrating the importance of species interaction networks for the provisioning of ecosystem services, how human impacts on those networks lead to network rewiring that underlies ecosystem service degradation, and then turn to case studies showing how network management has effectively mitigated such effects or aided in network restoration. We also examine how emerging technologies for data acquisition and analysis are providing new opportunities for monitoring species interactions and discuss the opportunities and challenges of developing effective network management. In summary, we propose that network management provides key mechanistic knowledge on ecosystem degradation that links species- to ecosystem-level responses to global change, and that emerging technological tools offer the opportunity to accelerate its widespread adoption.
全球变化正导致地球生物系统前所未有的退化，从而损害人类的繁荣。过去的做法要么侧重于监测生物多样性的下降，要么侧重于减轻生态系统服务的退化。目前缺少但急需的是监测和恢复物种相互作用网络的管理方法，从而弥合现有做法之间的差距。我们在此的总体目标是奠定一个发展网络管理框架的基础，这里将网络管理定义为对物种相互作用网络的研究、监测和管理。我们回顾了理论和实证证据，证明了物种相互作用网络对提供生态系统服务的重要性，人类对这些网络的影响如何导致网络重新布线，而这正是生态系统服务退化的基础，然后转向案例研究，展示网络管理如何有效地减轻了此类影响或有助于网络恢复。我们还研究了新兴的数据采集和分析技术如何为监测物种相互作用提供新机会，并讨论了发展有效网络管理的机遇和挑战。总之，我们认为网络管理提供了关于生态系统退化的关键机制知识，将物种层面与生态系统层面的全球变化响应联系起来，并且新兴技术工具提供了加速其广泛应用的机会。
