Conmy Robyn N, Sundaravadivelu Devi, Schaeffer Blake A, Robinson Brian, King Tom, Grosser Robert
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 Martin Luther King Drive West, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Jun;215:117913. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117913. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
Chemical dispersant formulations typically provide maximum oil dispersion in waters between 30 and 40 ppt (parts per thousand) salt content, which encompasses typical 35 ppt ocean salinity. Ocean salinity can vary locally, from very low values due to freshwater river inflows or ice melt, to extremely high values during freeze up periods or within natural brine pools. In this study, the influence of salinity (0.2-125 ppt) on dispersion effectiveness (DE) was evaluated for three oils and four dispersants using the baffled flask test (BFT) and oil droplet size distribution (DSD) measures. Tank-scale dispersions support the laboratory-scale results of DSD. Light and medium crude oils were effectively dispersed over a wide salinity range using the BFT. However, dispersions exhibiting similar DE values possessed a wide range in DSD metrics, suggesting that the latter offers useful information for spill planning and understanding the transport and fate of spilled oil.
化学分散剂配方通常在盐含量为30至40ppt（千分之一）的水域中能实现最大程度的油类分散，这涵盖了典型的35ppt海洋盐度。海洋盐度会因地点而异，从因淡水河流入或冰融化导致的极低值，到结冰期或天然盐水池中的极高值。在本研究中，使用带挡板烧瓶试验（BFT）和油滴尺寸分布（DSD）测量方法，评估了盐度（0.2 - 125ppt）对三种油类和四种分散剂的分散效果（DE）的影响。罐体规模的分散实验支持了DSD的实验室规模结果。使用BFT，轻质和中质原油在很宽的盐度范围内都能有效分散。然而，具有相似DE值的分散体系在DSD指标上有很大差异，这表明DSD为溢油规划以及理解溢油的输运和归宿提供了有用信息。
