Pérez-Galicia Anahi, Lugo-Caballero Cesar, Martínez-Calvillo Santiago, Ortiz-Navarrete Vianey, Manning-Cela Rebeca G
Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Centro Regional de Investigación Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
Arch Med Res. 2025 Jul;56(5):103201. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103201. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in immune responses and is associated with disease susceptibility. This study systematically reviews MHC class I and class II allele frequencies and their associations with diseases in the Mexican population from 1979 to 2023.
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Reports were obtained from the Allele Frequency Net Database and PubMed using keywords related to HLA and Mexican populations. A total of 776 reports were screened, and 214 were retained for final analysis. Seventy-six studies comprising allele frequency data from over 20,000 individuals across Mexican states and indigenous communities were analyzed. In addition, over 138 articles were examined to identify alleles associated with various diseases.
The analysis identified 117 alleles whose frequencies varied regionally within Mexico. While DPA101, DPB104:01, and DQA103 were predominant, DRB104, DQB103, and DQA105 were also prominent but variable. Certain alleles, such as A02, B35, C04, and C07, were relatively common in the population. Numerous disease correlations were uncovered, such as B27's strong association with spondyloarthropathies. DRB115:01 and DRB104 conferred an increase in multiple sclerosis, while DRB104 may protect against some skin diseases.
This review improves the understanding of MHC allele frequencies and disease associations in Mexicans, highlighting genetic diversity. The findings lay the groundwork for future research on genetic predispositions and health outcomes, aiding healthcare strategies in this diverse population. Further studies are needed to address data gaps and refine genetic profiles for targeted medical applications.
主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）在免疫反应中起关键作用，并与疾病易感性相关。本研究系统回顾了1979年至2023年墨西哥人群中MHC I类和II类等位基因频率及其与疾病的关联。
按照PRISMA指南进行系统回顾。使用与HLA和墨西哥人群相关的关键词，从等位基因频率网络数据库和PubMed获取报告。共筛选了776份报告，保留214份进行最终分析。分析了76项研究，这些研究包含来自墨西哥各州和土著社区的20000多名个体的等位基因频率数据。此外，还审查了138篇以上的文章，以确定与各种疾病相关的等位基因。
分析确定了117个等位基因，其频率在墨西哥境内存在区域差异。虽然DPA101、DPB104:01和DQA103占主导地位，但DRB104、DQB103和DQA105也很突出但存在差异。某些等位基因，如A02、B35、C04和C07，在人群中相对常见。发现了许多疾病相关性，例如B27与脊柱关节病的强关联。DRB115:01和DRB104会增加患多发性硬化症的风险，而DRB104可能预防某些皮肤病。
本综述增进了对墨西哥人群中MHC等位基因频率和疾病关联的理解，突出了遗传多样性。这些发现为未来关于遗传易感性和健康结果的研究奠定了基础，有助于为这个多样化人群制定医疗保健策略。需要进一步研究以填补数据空白并完善针对性医疗应用的基因图谱。
