Newell G K, Vaden A G, Aitken E F, Dayton A D
J Am Diet Assoc. 1985 Aug;85(8):939-45.
Better knowledge of the eating patterns of children would allow nutritionists to target nutrition information more effectively. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 1,242 elementary students to investigate their eating patterns. Foods consumed were classified into categories on the basis of similar composition. Dietary quality was assessed by calculating mean adequacy ratios. Grain products, high-protein foods, vegetables, and milk products were included in the diets of almost all students. Sugary products were consumed by almost 90%, 20% drank non-sugary beverages, and fats and oils were included by 80%. Also, 80% consumed fruits and juices. Consumption of milk and milk products was the most important estimator of dietary quality, followed by vegetables, mixed protein dishes, nutrient supplements, fruits, high-protein foods and grain products. When nutrient supplements were excluded, fruit and grain products became more important predictors. Non-sugary beverages adversely affected the quality of children's intakes. Students with dietary quality indexes between 90 and 100 consumed milk and vegetables more frequently than those with indexes of less than 66, who drank non-sugary beverages more often. Dietary quality varied in direct proportion to level of energy intake, suggesting that nutrition education should emphasize intake of nutrient-dense foods.
对儿童饮食模式有更深入的了解，将使营养学家能够更有效地提供营养信息。我们收集了1242名小学生的24小时饮食回忆，以调查他们的饮食模式。所摄入的食物根据相似的成分进行分类。通过计算平均充足率来评估饮食质量。几乎所有学生的饮食中都包含谷物制品、高蛋白食物、蔬菜和奶制品。近90%的学生食用含糖产品，20%的学生饮用无糖饮料，80%的学生摄入油脂。此外，80%的学生食用水果和果汁。牛奶和奶制品的摄入是饮食质量最重要的指标，其次是蔬菜、混合蛋白质菜肴、营养补充剂、水果、高蛋白食物和谷物制品。排除营养补充剂后，水果和谷物制品成为更重要的预测指标。无糖饮料对儿童的饮食质量有不利影响。饮食质量指数在90至100之间的学生比指数低于66的学生更频繁地饮用牛奶和蔬菜，而指数低于66的学生更常饮用无糖饮料。饮食质量与能量摄入水平成正比，这表明营养教育应强调摄入营养丰富的食物。
