Piálek Jaroslav, Ďureje Ľudovít, Hiadlovská Zuzana, Kreisinger Jakub, Aghová Tatiana, Bryjová Anna, Čížková Dagmar, de Bellocq Joëlle Goüy, Hejlová Helena, Janotová Kateřina, Martincová Iva, Orth Annie, Piálková Jana, Pospíšilová Iva, Rousková Ludmila, Bímová Barbora Vošlajerová, Pfeifle Christine, Tautz Diethard, Bonhomme François, Forejt Jiří, Macholán Miloš, Klusáčková Pavla
Studenec Research Facility, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 8;15(1):12060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86505-x.
The house mouse, Mus musculus, is a widely used animal model in biomedical research, with classical laboratory strains (CLS) being the most frequently employed. However, the limited genetic variability in CLS hinders their applicability in evolutionary studies. Wild-derived strains (WDS), on the other hand, provide a suitable resource for such investigations. This study quantifies genetic and phenotypic data of 101 WDS representing 5 species, 3 subspecies, and 8 natural Y consomic strains and compares them with CLS. Genetic variability was estimated using whole mtDNA sequences, the Prdm9 gene, and copy number variation at two sex chromosome-linked genes. WDS exhibit a large natural variation with up to 2173 polymorphic sites in mitogenomes, whereas CLS display 92 sites. Moreover, while CLS have two Prdm9 alleles, WDS harbour 46 different alleles. Although CLS resemble M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus WDS, they differ from them in 10 and 14 out of 16 phenotypic traits, respectively. The results suggest that WDS can be a useful tool in evolutionary and biomedical studies with great potential for medical applications.
家鼠（Mus musculus）是生物医学研究中广泛使用的动物模型，其中经典实验室品系（CLS）是最常使用的。然而，CLS有限的遗传变异性阻碍了它们在进化研究中的适用性。另一方面，野生衍生品系（WDS）为这类研究提供了合适的资源。本研究对代表5个物种、3个亚种和8个天然Y染色体代换系的101个WDS的遗传和表型数据进行了量化，并将它们与CLS进行了比较。使用完整的线粒体DNA序列、Prdm9基因以及两个性染色体连锁基因的拷贝数变异来估计遗传变异性。WDS表现出很大的自然变异，线粒体基因组中多达2173个多态性位点，而CLS有92个位点。此外，虽然CLS有两个Prdm9等位基因，但WDS有46个不同的等位基因。尽管CLS与小家鼠（M. m. domesticus）和小鼠（M. m. musculus）WDS相似，但在16个表型特征中，它们分别与小家鼠和小鼠WDS有10个和14个不同。结果表明，WDS在进化和生物医学研究中可能是一种有用的工具，具有很大的医学应用潜力。
