Kragler Friedrich, Bock Ralph
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Nat Plants. 2025 May;11(5):955-966. doi: 10.1038/s41477-025-01982-2. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
Grafting techniques have been used for centuries for trait improvement in agriculture and horticulture. In recent years, technical progress with the grafting of species previously thought to be recalcitrant to the formation of a graft union, and the discovery of new types of information exchange between grafted plants, have stirred renewed interest in the use of grafting as a research tool. In this Review, we describe our current understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in the establishment of successful grafts between plants of the same genotype (homografts) or different genotypes (heterografts). We also highlight recent progress with the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the exchange of macromolecules (small RNAs, messenger RNAs and proteins) across graft junctions as well as the transfer of cell organelles and its role in horizontal gene and genome transfer. Finally, we discuss novel applications of grafting, including new opportunities for transgene-free genetic engineering, and the relevance of grafting in plant evolution.
嫁接技术在农业和园艺中用于性状改良已有数百年历史。近年来，在嫁接以前被认为难以形成嫁接结合的物种方面取得的技术进步，以及在嫁接植物之间发现新型信息交换，重新激发了人们对将嫁接用作研究工具的兴趣。在本综述中，我们描述了目前对在相同基因型（同株嫁接）或不同基因型（异株嫁接）植物之间建立成功嫁接所涉及的分子和细胞过程的理解。我们还强调了在阐明大分子（小RNA、信使RNA和蛋白质）跨嫁接连接处交换的机制以及细胞器转移及其在水平基因和基因组转移中的作用方面的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了嫁接的新应用，包括无转基因基因工程的新机会，以及嫁接在植物进化中的相关性。
