Kang Danju, Lungu Shera Elizabeth, Danso Felix, Dzou Chrystella Fernanda, Chen Yanjun, Zheng Xinyu, Nie Fanghong, Lin Hongying, Chen Jinjun, Zhou Guangxian
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Department of Economics, College of Applied Economics, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 25;12:1470391. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1470391. eCollection 2025.
The health and productivity of cattle are significantly compromised by metabolic diseases on a global scale. These disorders disrupt normal metabolic processes, leading to substantial economic losses for the livestock industry. Metabolic disorders can arise from defective biochemical pathways, deficiencies in enzymes, coenzymes, or cofactors, and may be either inherited or acquired. Dairy cows are particularly susceptible during the transition period from late lactation to early management, facing conditions such as ketosis, milk fever, and hepatic lipidosis. This susceptibility is primarily due to reduced dry matter intake caused by fetal development and a decline in rumen capacity. The negative energy balance (NEB) during this phase, characterized by elevated blood concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) due to increased energy mobilization, is closely linked to the onset of these diseases. Providing high-energy-density diets during this period is critical to mitigating the effects of NEB. Metabolic disorders represent a major health challenge in cattle, adversely affecting animal welfare and agricultural output. A comprehensive understanding of their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Ongoing research and the adoption of preventive measures are vital to reducing the economic and health impacts of these diseases. Early diagnosis and proactive management strategies are crucial to mitigating their impact on dairy cattle health and productivity. Early identification enables timely interventions, preventing disease progression and reducing adverse effects on animal health. Proactive measures, such as optimizing nutritional programs, implementing precision farming technologies, and ensuring timely veterinary care, are essential for enhancing the overall wellbeing of dairy cows. This review serves as a valuable resource for veterinarians, researchers, and dairy farmers, offering in-depth insights into the etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics, and management of prevalent metabolic disorders in dairy cattle. By equipping stakeholders with this knowledge, it aims to support informed decision-making and improve herd management practices. The focus on early diagnosis and proactive strategies underscores the potential to significantly reduce the economic and health burdens imposed by metabolic diseases on the livestock industry.
在全球范围内，代谢性疾病严重损害了牛的健康和生产力。这些疾病扰乱了正常的代谢过程，给畜牧业带来了巨大的经济损失。代谢紊乱可能源于生化途径缺陷、酶、辅酶或辅因子的缺乏，可能是遗传性的，也可能是后天获得的。奶牛在从泌乳后期到早期管理的过渡期特别容易患病，面临酮病、乳热和肝脂肪变性等情况。这种易感性主要是由于胎儿发育导致干物质摄入量减少以及瘤胃容量下降。在此阶段的负能量平衡（NEB），其特征是由于能量动员增加导致血液中非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）浓度升高，与这些疾病的发生密切相关。在此期间提供高能量密度的日粮对于减轻NEB的影响至关重要。代谢紊乱是牛的一项重大健康挑战，对动物福利和农业产出产生不利影响。全面了解其病因、临床表现、诊断方法和管理策略对于有效预防和治疗至关重要。持续的研究和采取预防措施对于减少这些疾病的经济和健康影响至关重要。早期诊断和积极的管理策略对于减轻其对奶牛健康和生产力的影响至关重要。早期识别能够及时进行干预，防止疾病进展并减少对动物健康的不利影响。积极措施，如优化营养方案、实施精准养殖技术和确保及时的兽医护理，对于提高奶牛的整体健康状况至关重要。本综述为兽医、研究人员和奶农提供了宝贵资源，深入洞察了奶牛常见代谢紊乱的病因、临床症状、诊断和管理。通过为利益相关者提供这些知识，旨在支持明智的决策并改善畜群管理实践。对早期诊断和积极策略的关注凸显了显著减轻代谢疾病给畜牧业带来的经济和健康负担的潜力。
