Kearns Pavla Brennan, Novák David, Fryčová Barbora, Kareholt Ingemar, Janoušková Miroslava, Šeblová Jana, Seblova Dominika
Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 9;15(1):12163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95363-6.
The COVID-19 pandemic placed significant psychological strain on healthcare workers. Our study tracked health care workers in the Czech Republic throughout the pandemic to examine the impact of stressors on psychological distress over time and explore gender differences in these associations. We studied health care workers from the Czech arm of the international COVID-19 HEROES Study who took part in all three waves of data collection in 2020, 2021 and 2022 (n = 264). We employed a path model to examine the relationships among six stressors (low trust in workplace, assignment of new tasks, prioritization of patients, experience of death due to COVID-19, experience of discrimination or violence, contact with COVID-19 patients), psychological distress (measured by General Health Questionnaire), and covariates (age, gender, occupation). We incorporated autoregressive paths and interactions to assess the longitudinal impact of stressors. Prior levels of distress predicted subsequent distress, with significant carry-over effects observed between each wave. Stressors had direct association to distress in the same wave of data collection (2020 and 2021), but not in subsequent waves, and stressors in 2022 did not have a significant direct effect to distress. Men reported lower distress in 2020 and 2021, but not in 2022. Furthermore, no significant interactions between stressors and gender were found. Age and occupation were not related to distress levels. There is a need for adaptable mental health support that addresses current stressors through targeted interventions, while also providing ongoing monitoring beyond crises, particularly for individuals with high distress levels.
新冠疫情给医护人员带来了巨大的心理压力。我们的研究在整个疫情期间追踪了捷克共和国的医护人员，以考察压力源随时间对心理困扰的影响，并探究这些关联中的性别差异。我们研究了国际新冠疫情英雄研究捷克部分的医护人员，他们参与了2020年、2021年和2022年的三轮数据收集（n = 264）。我们采用路径模型来考察六个压力源（对工作场所的低信任度、新任务分配、患者优先级、新冠死亡经历、歧视或暴力经历、与新冠患者接触）、心理困扰（通过一般健康问卷测量）和协变量（年龄、性别、职业）之间的关系。我们纳入了自回归路径和交互作用来评估压力源的纵向影响。先前的困扰水平可预测后续的困扰水平，在每一轮之间都观察到了显著的延续效应。在同一轮数据收集（2020年和2021年）中，压力源与困扰有直接关联，但在后续轮次中没有，并且2022年的压力源对困扰没有显著的直接影响。男性在2020年和2021年报告的困扰较低，但在2022年并非如此。此外，未发现压力源与性别之间存在显著的交互作用。年龄和职业与困扰水平无关。需要有适应性的心理健康支持，通过有针对性的干预来应对当前的压力源，同时在危机过后也提供持续监测，特别是针对困扰水平较高的个体。
