Davidson G P, Robb T A
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1985 Jun;4(3):381-7. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198506000-00010.
Breath hydrogen tests were carried out on 157 children either because they had chronic diarrhea or because they were on disaccharide-free diets. Lactose malabsorption was common in patients with postgastroenteritis syndrome (43%), and sucrose malabsorption was readily detected in patients with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Secondary sucrose malabsorption and small bowel bacterial overgrowth were also detected. In predicting clinical response to dietary change, the breath hydrogen test, as we perform it, was clearly the most specific and sensitive and had a predictive accuracy of 96%. Duodenal biopsy results obtained from 48 of the children gave a 23% incidence of misleading disaccharidase results (16.7% falsely normal, 6.3% falsely abnormal), but biopsy remains vital in the diagnosis of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. False negative breath hydrogen results were obtained on occasions (4%) but in most instances were related to recent antimicrobial therapy or failure of the breath test mechanics (e.g., vomiting, length of sampling).
对157名儿童进行了呼气氢试验，这些儿童要么患有慢性腹泻，要么采用不含双糖的饮食。乳糖吸收不良在感染后肠综合征患者中很常见（43%），而蔗糖吸收不良在先天性蔗糖酶-异麦芽糖酶缺乏症患者中很容易检测到。继发性蔗糖吸收不良和小肠细菌过度生长也被检测到。在预测饮食改变的临床反应方面，我们所进行的呼气氢试验显然是最具特异性和敏感性的，预测准确率为96%。从48名儿童获得的十二指肠活检结果显示，有23%的双糖酶结果存在误导性（16.7%为假正常，6.3%为假异常），但活检在先天性蔗糖酶-异麦芽糖酶缺乏症的诊断中仍然至关重要。呼气氢试验偶尔会出现假阴性结果（4%），但在大多数情况下与近期的抗菌治疗或呼气试验操作失败有关（如呕吐、采样时间）。
