Kudoh T, Matsumoto D
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Jun;48(6):1440-6. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.6.1440.
In two studies, we examined the cross-cultural validity of the dimensional structures with which postures are judged. In Study 1, 686 Japanese subjects rated 40 posture expressions on sixteen 5-point semantic differential scale items. Subjects inferred an encoder's attitude towards oneself (i.e., the decoding subject) in hypothetical dyadic situations. A principal-component factor analysis yielded evidence for three independent dimensions resembling those proposed by Schlosberg (1954), Osgood (1966), and Williams and Sundene (1965). These three factors were named self-fulfillment, interpersonal positiveness, and interpersonal consciousness. In Study 2, 336 Japanese students again rated the 40 posture expressions on the sixteen 5-point differential items, but an attempt was made to control for the status of the hypothetical encoder. The results of this study essentially replicated those of Study 1. One interesting finding was that although we found the same factors as those found in studies conducted in the West, the order of the factors in our studies was the reverse of the order found in these previous studies. The findings are discussed in terms of proposed cultural differences in the maintenance of human relations.
在两项研究中，我们检验了用于判断姿势的维度结构的跨文化有效性。在研究1中，686名日本受试者在16个5分量表项目上对40种姿势表达进行了评分。受试者在假设的二元情境中推断编码者对自己（即解码受试者）的态度。主成分因子分析得出了与施洛斯伯格（1954年）、奥斯古德（1966年）以及威廉姆斯和桑德内（1965年）提出的维度相似的三个独立维度的证据。这三个因素被命名为自我实现、人际积极性和人际意识。在研究2中，336名日本学生再次在16个5分差异项目上对40种姿势表达进行评分，但试图控制假设编码者的地位。这项研究的结果基本上重复了研究1的结果。一个有趣的发现是，尽管我们发现了与西方研究中相同的因素，但我们研究中这些因素的顺序与之前这些研究中发现的顺序相反。我们从所提出的人际关系维护中的文化差异方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
