Hatipoglu Ibrahim, Ainsua-Enrich Erola, Kadel Sapana, Turner Sean, Singh Simar, Kovats Susan
Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
J Immunol. 2025 May 1;214(5):1032-1045. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf060.
Lung-resident conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) coordinate immune responses to respiratory viruses in the respiratory tract or after migration to mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN). Migratory DCs include cDC1s (CD103+XCR1+CD24hi) expressing IRF8 or cDC2s (CD11b+SIRPα+CD24+) expressing IRF4. IRF4+ cDC2s are divided into a CD24hi subset that requires IRF4 for differentiation and a CD24int subset that is present in the absence of IRF4. During influenza A virus (IAV) infection of mice, we characterized the kinetics of cDC2 subset accumulation in the lung and mLN and their differences in IRF4-dependent gene expression and function. We found that the 2 IRF4-expressing cDC2 subsets upregulated CD86 to high levels, produced IL-12p40 and the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22, and were capable of acquiring antigen in vivo and activating antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Notably, the CD11b+CD24int cDC2 subset expressed canonical cDC markers and transcription factors and expanded to high numbers in the lung and mLN by d 6 postinfection. Transcriptome analyses on d 5 postinfection revealed that the CD11b+CD24int cDC2 subset expressed both IRF4 and IRF8 and harbored an elevated IFN response signature compared to the CD11b+CD24hi subset. Analyses of mice lacking Irf4 in CD11c+ cells showed that IRF4 promoted the function of CD11b+CD24int cDC2s, including the capacity to migrate to mLN and to produce CCL17 and CCL22, consistent with their altered gene expression profile in the absence of IRF4. In sum, our data show that the 2 lung-resident CD11b+ cDC2 subsets present in naïve mice elaborated distinct and common functional responses regulated by IRF4 during IAV infection.
肺驻留常规树突状细胞(cDCs)在呼吸道或迁移至纵隔淋巴结(mLN)后协调对呼吸道病毒的免疫反应。迁移性DC包括表达IRF8的cDC1(CD103⁺XCR1⁺CD24hi)或表达IRF4的cDC2(CD11b⁺SIRPα⁺CD24⁺)。IRF4⁺ cDC2分为需要IRF4进行分化的CD24hi亚群和在没有IRF4时存在的CD24int亚群。在甲型流感病毒(IAV)感染小鼠期间,我们表征了肺和mLN中cDC2亚群积累的动力学及其在IRF4依赖性基因表达和功能上的差异。我们发现,这两个表达IRF4的cDC2亚群将CD86上调至高水平,产生IL-12p40以及趋化因子CCL17和CCL22,并且能够在体内获取抗原并激活抗原特异性CD8⁺ T细胞。值得注意的是,CD11b⁺CD24int cDC2亚群表达典型的cDC标志物和转录因子,并在感染后第6天在肺和mLN中扩增至大量。感染后第5天的转录组分析显示,与CD11b⁺CD24hi亚群相比,CD11b⁺CD24int cDC2亚群同时表达IRF4和IRF8,并具有升高的IFN反应特征。对CD11c⁺细胞中缺乏Irf4的小鼠的分析表明,IRF4促进了CD11b⁺CD24int cDC2的功能,包括迁移至mLN以及产生CCL17和CCL22的能力,这与其在没有IRF4时改变的基因表达谱一致。总之,我们的数据表明,在IAV感染期间,幼稚小鼠中存在的两个肺驻留CD11b⁺ cDC2亚群产生了由IRF4调节的不同且共同的功能反应。
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