Loera-Lopez Ana L, Lord Magen N, Noble Emily E
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2025 Jun 1;295:114913. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114913. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
Astrocytes have risen as stars in the field of energy homeostasis and neurocognitive function, acting as a bridge of communication between the periphery and the brain, providing metabolic support, signaling via gliotransmitters, and altering synaptic communication. Dietary factors and energy state have a profound influence on hippocampal function, and the hippocampus is critical for appropriate behavioral responses associated with feeding and internal hunger cues (being in the fasted or full state), but how the hippocampus senses periprandial status and is impacted by diet is largely unknown. Periprandial hormones act within the hippocampus to modulate processes involved in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory function and astrocytes likely play an important role in modulating this signaling. In addition to periprandial hormones, astrocytes are positioned to respond to changes in circulating nutrients like glucose. Here, we review literature investigating how astrocytes mediate changes in hippocampal function, highlighting astrocyte location, morphology, and function in the context of integrating glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine hormone action, and/or cognitive function in the hippocampus. Specifically, we discuss research findings on the effects of insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and GLP-1 on glucose homeostasis, neural activity, astrocyte function, and behavior in the hippocampus. Because obesogenic diets impact neuroendocrine hormones, astrocytes, and cognitive function, we also discuss the effects of diet and diet-induced obesity on these parameters.
星形胶质细胞已成为能量稳态和神经认知功能领域的明星，充当外周与大脑之间的沟通桥梁，提供代谢支持，通过神经胶质递质进行信号传递，并改变突触通讯。饮食因素和能量状态对海马体功能有深远影响，而海马体对于与进食及内部饥饿信号（处于禁食或饱腹状态）相关的适当行为反应至关重要，但海马体如何感知围餐状态以及受饮食影响的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。围餐激素在海马体内发挥作用，调节与海马体依赖性学习和记忆功能相关的过程，星形胶质细胞可能在调节这种信号传导中起重要作用。除了围餐激素外，星形胶质细胞还能够对循环营养物质（如葡萄糖）的变化做出反应。在此，我们回顾了有关星形胶质细胞如何介导海马体功能变化的文献，重点介绍了星形胶质细胞在整合海马体葡萄糖代谢、神经内分泌激素作用和/或认知功能背景下的位置、形态和功能。具体而言，我们讨论了胰岛素、胃饥饿素、瘦素和胰高糖素样肽-1对海马体葡萄糖稳态、神经活动、星形胶质细胞功能和行为影响的研究结果。由于致肥胖饮食会影响神经内分泌激素、星形胶质细胞和认知功能，我们还讨论了饮食及饮食诱导的肥胖对这些参数的影响。
