Theobald David M, Oakleaf James R, Moncrieff Glenn, Voigt Maria, Kiesecker Joe, Kennedy Christina M
Conservation Planning Technologies, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
Dept. of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
Sci Data. 2025 Apr 10;12(1):606. doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-04892-2.
Habitat loss and degradation associated with industrial development is the primary threat and dominant driver of biodiversity loss globally. Spatially-explicit datasets that estimate human pressures are essential to understand the extent and rate of anthropogenic impacts on ecosystems and are critical to inform conservation commitments and efforts under the Global Biodiversity Framework. We leveraged the human modification framework to generate comprehensive, consistent, detailed, robust, temporal, and contemporary datasets to map cumulative and individual threats associated with industrial human activities to terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems from 1990 to 2022. In ~2022, 43% of terrestrial lands had very low levels of modification, while 27%, 20%, and 10% had low, moderate, and high modification, respectively. Nearly 2/3 of biomes and 1/2 of ecoregions currently are moderately-modified, and 24% of terrestrial ecosystems (31 M km) experienced increased modification from 1990 to 2020. About 29% of countries and 31% of ecoregions might also be particularly vulnerable to biodiversity loss given their above-average increased modification and less than 30% protection.
与工业发展相关的栖息地丧失和退化是全球生物多样性丧失的主要威胁和主导驱动因素。估计人类压力的空间明确数据集对于了解人为对生态系统的影响程度和速度至关重要，对于为《全球生物多样性框架》下的保护承诺和努力提供信息也至关重要。我们利用人类改造框架生成全面、一致、详细、稳健、具有时间性和当代性的数据集，以绘制1990年至2022年期间与工业人类活动相关的对陆地生物多样性和生态系统的累积和个别威胁。在2022年左右，43%的陆地土地改造程度非常低，而27%、20%和10%的土地分别具有低、中、高改造程度。目前，近三分之二的生物群落和二分之一的生态区受到中度改造，从1990年到2020年，24%的陆地生态系统（3100万平方千米）改造程度增加。鉴于约29%的国家和31%的生态区改造程度高于平均水平且保护率低于30%，它们可能也特别容易受到生物多样性丧失的影响。
