Lansley Tom P, Crowe Olivia, Butchart Stuart H M, Edwards David P, Thomas Gavin H
School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
Conserv Biol. 2025 Mar 3:e70000. doi: 10.1111/cobi.70000.
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are the largest and most complete network of significant sites for the global persistence of biodiversity. Although important sites for birds worldwide have been relatively well assessed, a key question is how effectively the global KBA network represents avian diversity. We identified bird species, orders, habitats, and geographic regions that are underrepresented by KBAs. Area of Habitat (AOH) maps for 10,517 terrestrial bird species were cropped and masked by the extent of each KBA. Almost all species had at least one part of their seasonal distribution in one or more KBAs. Twenty-nine species had no habitat overlap with KBAs, and 1900 species had <8% of their AOH overlapping KBAs. Species with KBAs identified for them (5219 trigger species) had on average 2.6% greater representation of their AOH in KBAs than species that did not. The extent of species' AOH represented by KBAs varied with region, habitat, and taxonomic group. Northern North America had the most underrepresented terrestrial bird species (up to 178 underrepresented species per 100 km). Terrestrial bird species of tropical forests were 12.8% better represented in KBAs than expected by chance, whereas boreal and temperate forest species were less well represented than expected by chance (74.4% and 25.1%, respectively). Among avian orders, Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were underrepresented in KBAs (29.0% and 17.9%, respectively), whereas Trogoniformes and Psittaciformes were better represented (16.2% and 6.9%, respectively) than expected by chance. Bird species for potential KBA identification include marsh antwren (Formicivora paludicola) and Tabar pitta (Erythropitta splendida). These are mainly due to recent changes in species' taxonomy or their International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category. Identifying poorly represented species and where they occur highlights shortfalls where expansion of the network could bring conservation benefits.
关键生物多样性区域（KBA）是全球生物多样性得以长期存续的规模最大且最为完整的重要地点网络。尽管全球范围内鸟类的重要栖息地已得到相对充分的评估，但一个关键问题是，全球KBA网络在多大程度上有效地代表了鸟类多样性。我们确定了在KBA中未得到充分体现的鸟类物种、目、栖息地和地理区域。利用每个KBA的范围对10517种陆生鸟类的栖息地面积（AOH）地图进行裁剪和掩膜处理。几乎所有物种在其季节性分布中至少有一部分位于一个或多个KBA内。有29种物种的栖息地与KBA没有重叠，1900种物种的AOH与KBA的重叠面积不到8%。已确定有KBA的物种（5219种触发物种）在KBA中的AOH平均比未确定KBA的物种多2.6%。KBA所代表的物种AOH范围因区域、栖息地和分类群而异。北美北部陆生鸟类物种未得到充分体现的情况最为严重（每100公里多达178种未得到充分体现的物种）。热带森林的陆生鸟类物种在KBA中的代表性比随机预期高出12.8%，而北方森林和温带森林物种的代表性则低于随机预期（分别为74.4%和25.1%）。在鸟类目中，雁形目和鸻形目在KBA中的代表性不足（分别为29.0%和17.9%），而咬鹃目和鹦形目的代表性则高于随机预期（分别为16.2%和6.9%）。潜在KBA识别的鸟类物种包括沼泽蚁鹩（Formicivora paludicola）和塔巴尔八色鸫（Erythropitta splendida）。这些主要是由于物种分类或其国际自然保护联盟红色名录类别的近期变化。识别代表性不足的物种及其分布地点，凸显出扩大网络可能带来保护效益的不足之处。
