Mayer Florian, Schweng Paul, Braeuer Simone, Hummer Sebastian, Koellensperger Gunda, Mautner Andreas, Woodward Robert, Bismarck Alexander
Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringer Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria.
Institute of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehrigner Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria.
Small Sci. 2024 Aug 11;4(10):2400182. doi: 10.1002/smsc.202400182. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Efficient water treatment ideally combines ion exchange for the removal of hardness elements and toxic trace metals as well as ultrafiltration for the removal of particulate matter. Although promising for adsorption, many high-surface-area polymer materials cannot be easily processed into freestanding membranes or packed bed columns, due to poor solution processability and high back pressures, respectively. The preparation of hybrid membranes comprising sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymers entrapped in nanocellulose papers is described. The hybrid membranes are effective for simultaneous ultrafiltration and ion exchange. Increasing the polymer loading of the hybrid membrane produces synergy by increasing the permeance of the membranes while enhancing the ion adsorption capacity to values exceeding those of bulk hypercrosslinked polymers. The maximum ion adsorption capacity for copper is determined to be ≈100 mg g outperforming that of pure polymer (71 mg g) and commercially available ion exchange resins. Competitive adsorption is tested in samples containing water hardness elements and trace toxic metal ions showing high ion-exchange capacities. Even when fully loaded with water hardness elements, Ba and Sr are still removed from solution.
高效的水处理理想情况下是将用于去除硬度元素和有毒痕量金属的离子交换与用于去除颗粒物的超滤相结合。尽管许多高比表面积聚合物材料在吸附方面很有前景，但由于溶液加工性差和背压高，它们分别难以加工成独立的膜或填充床柱。本文描述了包含包裹在纳米纤维素纸中的磺化超交联聚合物的混合膜的制备。这种混合膜对于同时进行超滤和离子交换是有效的。增加混合膜的聚合物负载量会产生协同作用，即增加膜的渗透率，同时将离子吸附能力提高到超过本体超交联聚合物的值。测定铜的最大离子吸附容量约为100 mg/g，优于纯聚合物（71 mg/g）和市售离子交换树脂。在含有水硬度元素和痕量有毒金属离子的样品中测试了竞争性吸附，结果表明其具有高离子交换容量。即使完全负载了水硬度元素，钡和锶仍能从溶液中被去除。
