Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2019 Aug;229:142-159. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.198. Epub 2019 May 3.
Heavy metal contamination is a growing concern in the developing world. Inadequate water and wastewater treatment, coupled with increased industrial activity, have led to increased heavy metal contamination in rivers, lakes, and other water sources in developing countries. However, common methods for removing heavy metals from water sources, including membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and electrocoagulation, are not feasible for developing countries. As a result, a significant amount of research has been conducted on low-cost adsorbents to evaluate their ability to remove heavy metals. In this review article, we summarize the current state of research on the removal of heavy metals with an emphasis on low-cost adsorbents that are feasible in the context of the developing world. This review evaluates the use of adsorbents from four major categories: agricultural waste; naturally-occurring soil and mineral deposits; aquatic and terrestrial biomass; and other locally-available waste materials. Along with a summary of the use of these adsorbents in the removal of heavy metals, this article provides a summary of the influence of various water-quality parameters on heavy metals and these adsorbents. The proposed adsorption mechanisms for heavy metal removal are also discussed.
重金属污染是发展中国家日益关注的问题。由于水和废水处理不足，加上工业活动的增加，发展中国家的河流、湖泊和其他水源中的重金属污染有所增加。然而，从水源中去除重金属的常见方法，包括膜过滤、活性炭吸附和电化学凝聚，对于发展中国家来说并不可行。因此，已经进行了大量关于低成本吸附剂的研究，以评估它们去除重金属的能力。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了目前关于使用低成本吸附剂去除重金属的研究现状，重点介绍了在发展中国家可行的吸附剂。本文评估了四大类吸附剂的应用：农业废弃物；天然存在的土壤和矿物矿床；水生和陆生生物量；以及其他当地可用的废料。本文总结了这些吸附剂在去除重金属方面的应用，概述了各种水质参数对重金属和这些吸附剂的影响。还讨论了用于去除重金属的吸附机制。
