Nair Syam Gangadharan, Alex Jittu, Nazar Riyas, John John Thayyil
Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Lourdes Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India.
J Orthop Case Rep. 2025 Apr;15(4):104-107. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i04.5462.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a specific form of chronic inflammatory disease histologically characterized by collection of foamy macrophages along with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, activated plasma cells, and lymphocytes of polyclonal origin, in a mosaic-like pattern. The involvement of xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the bone is termed as xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis (XO). It often presents as a mass-like lesion extending into adjacent structures and so radiological features have little role in pointing to a diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis can only be made by histopathological examination.
This report describes a case of 62-year-old male patient who sustained a pathological fracture of shaft of radius which on evaluation, was diagnosed as XO, its management and 2- year follow-up results. This case report highlights a rare cause of pathological fracture, that is, XO.
Clinical examination and radiology have little role in the diagnosis of the condition. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by histopathological examination and the disease has a good prognosis.
黄色肉芽肿性炎症是一种慢性炎症性疾病的特殊形式，在组织学上的特征是泡沫状巨噬细胞与多形核白细胞、活化的浆细胞以及多克隆来源的淋巴细胞以马赛克样模式聚集。骨骼的黄色肉芽肿性炎症累及被称为黄色肉芽肿性骨髓炎（XO）。它常表现为延伸至相邻结构的肿块样病变，因此放射学特征在诊断中作用不大。明确诊断只能通过组织病理学检查做出。
本报告描述了一名62岁男性患者，其桡骨干发生病理性骨折，经评估诊断为XO，报告了其治疗方法及2年随访结果。本病例报告突出了病理性骨折的一种罕见病因，即XO。
临床检查和放射学在该疾病的诊断中作用不大。通过组织病理学检查可实现明确诊断，且该疾病预后良好。
