Vallazhath Anupama, Thimmappa Pooja Yedehalli, Joshi Harshit B, Hebbar Krishna Raghava, Nayak Anupama, Umakanth Shashikiran, Saoji Apar Avinash, Manjunath Nandi Krishnamurthy, Hadapad Basavaraj S, Joshi Manjunath B
Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
Division of Ayurveda, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
Nutr Diabetes. 2025 Apr 11;15(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s41387-025-00371-0.
Chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by constitutively activated immune cells and elevated pro-inflammatory mediators along with hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acids and branched chain amino acid levels, significantly alters the immuno-metabolic axis. Over the years, dietary intervention has been explored as an effective strategy for managing T2D. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that various diets, including Mediterranean, Nordic, Palaeolithic and ketogenic diets, increase insulin sensitivity, decrease gluconeogenesis, and adiposity, and exert anti-inflammatory effects, thus preserving immuno-metabolic homeostasis in individuals with T2D. Indian dietary sources are categorized as Sattvic, Rajasic, and Tamasic, depending on their impact on health and behaviour. The Yogic diet, commonly recommended during yoga practice, is predominantly Sattvic, emphasizing plant-based whole foods while limiting processed and high-glycaemic-index items. Yogic diet is also recommended for Mitahara, emphasizing mindful eating, which is attributed to calorie restriction. Adopting a Yogic diet, featuring low-fat vegetarian principles, strongly reduces inflammatory mediator levels. This diet not only ameliorates insulin resistance and maintains a healthy body weight but also regulates immunomodulation, enhances gut microbiome diversity and provides essential phytonutrients, collectively preventing inflammation. Although, preliminary studies show aforementioned beneficial role of Yogic diet in improving diabetes associated metabolic and inflammatory changes, precise cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. Hence, further studies are warranted to decipher the mechanisms. This review summarizes the multiple roles of Yogic diet and related dietary components in mitigating inflammation and enhancing glycaemic control in T2D.
2型糖尿病（T2D）中的慢性炎症，其特征为免疫细胞持续激活、促炎介质水平升高，同时伴有高血糖、游离脂肪酸和支链氨基酸水平增加，显著改变了免疫代谢轴。多年来，饮食干预已被探索为管理T2D的有效策略。实验和临床研究的证据表明，包括地中海饮食、北欧饮食、旧石器饮食和生酮饮食在内的各种饮食，可提高胰岛素敏感性、减少糖异生和肥胖，并发挥抗炎作用，从而维持T2D患者的免疫代谢稳态。印度的饮食来源根据其对健康和行为的影响分为悦性食物、变性食物和惰性食物。瑜伽练习期间通常推荐的瑜伽饮食主要是悦性食物，强调以植物为基础的全食物，同时限制加工食品和高血糖指数的食物。瑜伽饮食也因强调正念饮食（这与热量限制有关）而被推荐用于适度饮食。采用以低脂素食原则为特色的瑜伽饮食可大幅降低炎症介质水平。这种饮食不仅能改善胰岛素抵抗、维持健康体重，还能调节免疫调节、增强肠道微生物群多样性并提供必需的植物营养素，共同预防炎症。尽管初步研究显示了瑜伽饮食在改善糖尿病相关代谢和炎症变化方面的上述有益作用，但其确切的细胞和分子机制尚不清楚。因此，有必要进一步研究以阐明这些机制。本综述总结了瑜伽饮食及相关饮食成分在减轻T2D炎症和增强血糖控制方面的多重作用。
