Mackala Krzysztof, Krzysztofik Michal, Weber Adrian, Mroczek Dariusz, Zajac Adam
Department of Track and Field, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. Ignacego Jana Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 22;25(7):1979. doi: 10.3390/s25071979.
The main goal of this study was to determine whether the type of spike can influence the final sprint result by comparing step by step the kinematics of four 50-m sprints. Twelve well-trained junior sprinters (ages 17-19) from the Polish National Team (ranging from 100 to 400 m) participated in the study, with personal bests in the 100-m sprint of 10.70 ± 0.19 s. The OptoJump Next-Microgate sensor measurement system (Optojump, Bolzano, Italy) was used to measure the essential kinematic sprinting variables. Following the sprint distance, photocells were placed on the track at the start, at 10 m, at 20 m, at 30 m, and at the finish (50 m). Fifty-meter sprints were completed alternately, two with classic and two with the carbon-plated spikes. For every sprinter, the order in which the spikes were chosen was randomized. To better understand the problem of variability in kinematic parameters, in addition to the actual statistics, the profile analysis process was applied. The analysis of the four 50 m sprints did not show significant differences between the kinematic parameters considering runs in both the classic Nike and carbon-plated Nike ZoomX Flymax spikes. It may be suggested that spikes' sole bending stiffness may not affect short-distance (up to 50-60 m) sprinting performance. From a practical point of view, training focused on maximum speed development can be carried out with both classic and carbon-plated spikes. Finally, our experiment can guide the preparation of a research methodology that assesses the effect of carbon-plated spikes on prolonged sprinting, e.g., 200-400 m.
本研究的主要目标是通过逐步比较四次50米短跑的运动学数据，来确定鞋钉类型是否会影响最终的短跑成绩。来自波兰国家队（100米至400米项目）的12名训练有素的青少年短跑运动员（年龄17 - 19岁）参与了该研究，他们100米短跑的个人最好成绩为10.70 ± 0.19秒。使用OptoJump Next - Microgate传感器测量系统（Optojump，意大利博尔扎诺）来测量短跑时的基本运动学变量。按照短跑距离，在赛道起点、10米处、20米处、30米处和终点（50米处）放置光电管。50米短跑交替进行，两次使用传统鞋钉，两次使用碳板鞋钉。对于每位短跑运动员，选择鞋钉的顺序是随机的。为了更好地理解运动学参数的变异性问题，除了实际统计分析外，还应用了轮廓分析方法。对四次50米短跑的分析表明，考虑到使用传统耐克鞋钉和耐克ZoomX Flymax碳板鞋钉的跑步情况，运动学参数之间没有显著差异。可以认为，鞋钉鞋底的弯曲刚度可能不会影响短距离（50 - 60米以内）的短跑成绩。从实际角度来看，专注于最高速度发展的训练可以使用传统鞋钉和碳板鞋钉来进行。最后，我们的实验可以为评估碳板鞋钉对较长距离短跑（如200 - 400米）的影响的研究方法的制定提供指导。
