Disoteo Olga Eugenia, Russo Federica, Renzullo Luigi, Negri Giulia, Piazzolla Giuseppina, De Pergola Giovanni, Triggiani Vincenzo, Lisco Giuseppe
Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Sant'Anna Hospital-ASST Lariana, 22042 Como, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 26;17(7):1139. doi: 10.3390/nu17071139.
It is unclear if dietary education may increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). We estimated the effect of dietary counseling on nutritional knowledge and adherence to MD in T2D adult patients. T2D patients who attended the Diabetology Center of the Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda were recruited (April to September 2019) and categorized into two groups: the intervention group (IG), receiving a 2.5-h education, and the control group (CG). The Moynihan questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Assessment Questionnaire (MDAAQ) were administered to estimate the overall knowledge and adherence to MD at baseline (T0), 1 week (T1), and 1 month (T2) later. Seventy-two individuals (69.5 ± 8.6 years old) were included in the IG, and 52 (67.7 ± 9.2 years old) were included in the CG. All patients had sufficient dietary knowledge and intermediate adherence to MD at baseline. Those assigned to the IG showed a significant reduction in the Moynihan score from T0 (24.9 ± 2.6) to T1 (20.3 ± 1.8; < 0.001) and T2 (20.4 ± 2.2; < 0.001). CG had the same Moynihan score as IG individuals at T0 (24.8 ± 1.8), but their dietary knowledge was unchanged at T1 and T2 (24.9 ± 1.8). MD adherence was similar at each time in the IG, with a MDAAQ score of 4.4 ± 1.7 (T0), 5.1 ± 1.7 (T1), and 5.3 ± 1.8 (T2), and in the CG (T0: 5.1 ± 1.7; T1: 5 ± 1.5; T2: 5.1 ± 1.5). The 2.5-h dietary counseling session improves dietary knowledge, but it is not enough to improve adherence to MD.
目前尚不清楚饮食教育是否能提高对地中海饮食（MD）的依从性。我们评估了饮食咨询对2型糖尿病成年患者营养知识和对MD依从性的影响。招募了在米兰尼瓜尔达大都会医院糖尿病中心就诊的2型糖尿病患者（2019年4月至9月），并将其分为两组：干预组（IG），接受2.5小时的教育；对照组（CG）。在基线（T0）、1周后（T1）和1个月后（T2），使用莫伊尼汉问卷和地中海饮食依从性评估问卷（MDAAQ）来评估总体知识和对MD的依从性。干预组纳入72人（69.5±8.6岁），对照组纳入52人（67.7±9.2岁）。所有患者在基线时都有足够的饮食知识且对MD有中等程度的依从性。分配到干预组的患者莫伊尼汉评分从T0时的（24.9±2.6）显著降低至T1时的（20.3±1.8；<0.001）和T2时的（20.4±2.2；<0.001）。对照组在T0时的莫伊尼汉评分与干预组个体相同（24.8±1.8），但其饮食知识在T1和T2时未改变（24.9±1.8）。干预组在各时间点的MD依从性相似，MDAAQ评分分别为4.4±1.7（T0）、5.1±1.7（T1）和5.3±1.8（T2），对照组（T0：5.1±1.7；T1：5±1.5；T2：5.1±1.5）。2.5小时的饮食咨询课程改善了饮食知识，但不足以提高对MD的依从性。
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