Mazzoleni Isabella, Novarina Elena, Zerlottin Yuki Michelangelo, Bardelli Tommaso, Dal Prà Mauro, Zuffada Mattia, Cremonesi Matteo, Antonietti Luca, Bravi Romana, Bianchi Pier Giacomo, Giulini Anna Pia Maria
Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via Emilia km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, Italy.
Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via G. Venezian 22, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 2;14(7):1109. doi: 10.3390/plants14071109.
Plant growth and its interaction with microorganisms change yearly. High temperature and humidity have characterized recent seasons in the north of Italy and around the world, increasing the parasitic ability of to colonize maize kernels and aflatoxin levels. These molecules have the highest acute and chronic toxicity of all mycotoxins; the maximal concentration in agricultural food and feed products, and their commodities, are regulated worldwide. In this study we suggest a simple methodology to test the susceptibility of candidate maize varieties to before their release onto the market. A panel of 92 inbred lines and 14 hybrids were analysed, disease phenotypes were scored on artificially inoculated kernels using a rolled towel assay, and therefore we observed different responses to fungal infection on the kernels, outlining a high variability among the tested lines characterized by a different effect of the pathogen on seedling development. Even the hybrids responded differently on a statistical basis to with regard to the development of coleoptile, allowing their categorization into classes of susceptibility to be used for the varietal registration. Interestingly, the hybrid 6a-A was less susceptible to compared to its reciprocal in terms of the length of the coleoptile. The comparison of breeding lines released on the market in different years suggested a poor improvement in genetic resistance against in maize so far, opening up a possible topic for future research aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change on agriculture.
植物生长及其与微生物的相互作用每年都会发生变化。高温和高湿是意大利北部及全球近期季节的特征，这增加了[具体微生物名称未给出]侵染玉米籽粒的寄生能力以及黄曲霉毒素水平。这些分子在所有霉菌毒素中具有最高的急性和慢性毒性；全球范围内对农产品、饲料产品及其商品中的最大浓度都有规定。在本研究中，我们提出了一种简单的方法，用于在候选玉米品种投放市场之前测试其对[具体微生物名称未给出]的敏感性。分析了一组92个自交系和14个杂交种，使用卷毛巾试验在人工接种的籽粒上对病害表型进行评分，因此我们观察到籽粒对真菌感染的不同反应，勾勒出测试品系间的高度变异性，其特征在于病原体对幼苗发育的不同影响。即使是杂交种在统计学上对[具体微生物名称未给出]在胚芽鞘发育方面的反应也不同，从而可以将它们分类为用于品种登记的易感类别。有趣的是，杂交种6a - A在胚芽鞘长度方面比其反交组合对[具体微生物名称未给出]更不易感。对不同年份投放市场的育种品系的比较表明，到目前为止玉米对[具体微生物名称未给出]的遗传抗性改善不佳，这为未来旨在减轻气候变化对农业影响的研究开辟了一个可能的课题。
