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手性铁卟啉(+)-D-(卟)FeCl使用生成的重氮乙腈催化烯烃的高度对映选择性环丙烷化反应,产物转化率高达35000。

Chiral iron porphyrin (+)-D-(por)FeCl catalyzes highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of alkenes using generated diazoacetonitrile with up to 35 000 product turnover.

作者信息

Tan Hao-Chong, Shing Ka-Pan, Wang Hua-Hua, Liu Yungen, Che Chi-Ming

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong P. R. China.

State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China

出版信息

Chem Sci. 2025 Apr 11;16(17):7191-7202. doi: 10.1039/d5sc00461f. eCollection 2025 Apr 30.

Abstract

Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes is an important strategy to construct chiral cyclopropane skeletons of pharmaceutical interest, but highly enantioselective and practical carbene transfer reactions based on Earth abundant and bio-compatible metals are still a difficult challenge. In this work, we use a chiral iron porphyrin (+)-D-(por)FeCl catalyst and generated α-diazoacetonitrile for highly enantioselective cyclopropanation of arylalkene. This reaction is applicable to a wide range of arylalkenes (44 examples) with yield up to 99%, diastereomeric ratio (dr) up to 93 : 7, and enantiomeric excess (ee) values up to 98%. Importantly, for the cyclopropanation reaction of 3,4-difluorostyrene (1.40 g, 10.0 mmol) with α-diazoacetonitrile in the presence of 0.002 mol% of (+)-D-(por)FeCl as a catalyst, the turnover number and enantioselectivity of the cyclopropyl nitrile product reached 31 000 and 88% ee, respectively. Using cyclopropyl nitriles as a starting material, downstream functionalization derivatives including cyclopropyl carboxylic acids, cyclopropylamines, and cyclopropylmethanamines can be produced as key intermediates for the preparation of a series of bioactive or drug-like molecules. In addition, the chiral Fe(ii)porphyrin-cyanocarbene intermediate [(-)-D-(por)Fe(:CHCN)], which is directly responsible for the carbene transfer reaction, has been characterized by H NMR, HR ESI-MS, UV-vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.

摘要

过渡金属催化的烯烃不对称环丙烷化反应是构建具有药学意义的手性环丙烷骨架的重要策略,但基于储量丰富且生物相容性好的金属实现高对映选择性和实用的卡宾转移反应仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。在本工作中,我们使用手性铁卟啉(+)-D-(卟啉)FeCl催化剂和生成的α-重氮乙腈进行芳基烯烃的高对映选择性环丙烷化反应。该反应适用于多种芳基烯烃(44个实例),产率高达99%,非对映体比例(dr)高达93:7,对映体过量(ee)值高达98%。重要的是,对于3,4-二氟苯乙烯(1.40 g,10.0 mmol)与α-重氮乙腈在0.002 mol%的(+)-D-(卟啉)FeCl作为催化剂存在下的环丙烷化反应,环丙基腈产物的周转数和对映选择性分别达到31000和88% ee。以环丙基腈为起始原料,可以制备包括环丙基羧酸、环丙基胺和环丙基甲胺在内的下游官能化衍生物,作为制备一系列生物活性或类药物分子的关键中间体。此外,直接负责卡宾转移反应的手性Fe(II)卟啉-氰基卡宾中间体[(-)-D-(卟啉)Fe(:CHCN)]已通过1H NMR、高分辨电喷雾电离质谱、紫外可见光谱和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱进行了表征。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78a3/12042930/4b200a0335b0/d5sc00461f-f1.jpg

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