From Wings to Wellness: A Research Agenda Inspired by Migratory Bird Adaptations for Sleep and Circadian Medicine.

Migratory birds demonstrate remarkable temporal plasticity, adapting their circadian rhythms and sleep patterns to meet the demands of long-distance migration. This perspective explores how insights from avian temporal adaptations could inform novel research directions in human sleep and circadian medicine. Birds' ability to maintain precise temporal organization through multiple coordinated oscillators, particularly during migratory periods, provides a valuable framework for understanding circadian flexibility. Drawing from recent advances in avian chronobiology, we propose several research priorities for human applications, including biomarker-guided chronotherapy, circuit-specific interventions, and optimization of environmental cue timing. We explore how birds' sophisticated control of sleep architecture and metabolic regulation during migration might inspire new approaches to managing circadian disruptions in humans. Neuroimaging studies of human temporal adaptability, guided by avian insights, could reveal network-level mechanisms underlying circadian plasticity. Of particular interest is the parallel between avian unihemispheric sleep and human hemispheric asymmetry during sleep, suggesting the evolutionary conservation of adaptive sleep mechanisms. While acknowledging the fundamental differences between avian and human circadian systems, we outline specific research directions that could translate avian temporal adaptability principles into therapeutic strategies for circadian disorders. While these avian-inspired hypotheses require rigorous validation, and some may not prove viable, embracing creative exploration remains essential for advancing our understanding of human circadian biology and guiding the development of novel therapeutic approaches.