Pelczyńska Marta, Moszak Małgorzata, Wojciechowska Julita, Płócienniczak Anita, Potocki Jan, Blok Joanna, Balcerzak Julia, Zblewski Mikołaj, Bogdański Paweł
Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 28;17(1):80. doi: 10.3390/nu17010080.
The chronotype, the personal predisposition towards morning or evening activities, significantly influences health conditions, sleep, and eating regulations. Individuals with evening chronotypes are often at a higher risk for weight gain due to misalignment between their natural tendencies of functioning and social schedules, resulting in insufficient sleep, disruptions in eating habits, and decreased physical activity levels. Often, impaired glucose tolerance and changes in melatonin, adiponectin, and leptin secretion, along with alterations in the clock gene functions in subjects with evening preferences, may be predisposed to obesity. These disturbances contribute to metabolic dysregulation, which may lead to the subsequent onset of obesity complications, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and liver diseases. Targeting critical components of the circadian system and synchronizing people's chronotypes with lifestyle conditions could deliver potential strategies for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. Thus, it is recommended to take a personalized chronobiological approach to maintain a normal body weight and metabolic health. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to identify the clear mechanisms between the chronotype and human health. This article provides a narrative review and discussion of recent data to summarize studies on the circadian rhythm in the context of obesity. The manuscript represents a comprehensive overview conducted between August and November 2024 using the National Library of Medicine browser (Medline, Pub-Med, Web of Science).
昼夜节律类型，即个人对早晨或晚上活动的倾向，会显著影响健康状况、睡眠和饮食规律。具有晚睡型昼夜节律的个体由于其自身自然的功能倾向与社会时间表不一致，体重增加的风险往往更高，这会导致睡眠不足、饮食习惯紊乱以及身体活动水平下降。通常，晚睡偏好者的葡萄糖耐量受损、褪黑素、脂联素和瘦素分泌发生变化，以及生物钟基因功能改变，可能易患肥胖症。这些紊乱会导致代谢失调，进而可能引发肥胖并发症，如高血压、2型糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停和肝脏疾病。针对昼夜节律系统的关键组成部分，并使人们的昼夜节律类型与生活方式条件同步，可能为预防和治疗代谢紊乱提供潜在策略。因此，建议采用个性化的时间生物学方法来维持正常体重和代谢健康。然而，未来还需要开展研究以确定昼夜节律类型与人类健康之间的明确机制。本文对近期数据进行了叙述性综述和讨论，以总结肥胖背景下关于昼夜节律的研究。该手稿是使用美国国立医学图书馆浏览器（Medline、Pub-Med、Web of Science）于2024年8月至11月进行的全面综述。
