Gaffney Lewis S, Fisher Matthew B, Freytes Donald O
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2023 Aug 29;2023:6658543. doi: 10.1155/2023/6658543. eCollection 2023.
Studying the crosstalk between the muscle and tendon tissue is an important yet understudied area in musculoskeletal research. models can help elucidate the function and repair of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) under static and dynamic culture conditions using engineered muscle tissues. The goal of this study was to culture engineered muscle tissues in a novel bioreactor in both static and mechanically stimulated cultures and evaluate the expression of MTJ-specific proteins within the muscle-tendon unit(paxillin and type XXII collagen). C2C12 myoblasts were seeded in hydrogels made from type I collagen ortendon-derived extracellular matrix (tECM) and allowed to form around movable anchors. Engineered tissues were allowed to form and stabilize for 10 days. After 10 days in the culture, stimulated cultures were cyclically stimulated for 3 hours per day for 2 and 4 weeks alongside static cultures. Strain values at the maximum displacement of the anchors averaged about 0.10, a target that has been shown to induce myogenic phenotype in C2C12s. Protein expression of paxillin after 2 weeks did not differ between hydrogel materials in static cultures but increased by 62% in tECM when mechanically stimulated. These differences continued after 4 weeks, with 31% and 57% increases in tECM tissues relative to type I collagen. Expression of type XXII collagen was similarly influenced by hydrogel material and culture conditions. Overall, this research combined a relevant microenvironment to study muscle and tendon interactions with a novel bioreactor to apply mechanical strain, an important regulator of the formation and maintenance of the native MTJ.
研究肌肉与肌腱组织之间的相互作用是肌肉骨骼研究中一个重要但尚未充分研究的领域。模型有助于阐明在静态和动态培养条件下,使用工程化肌肉组织的肌腱结合处(MTJ)的功能和修复情况。本研究的目的是在新型生物反应器中对工程化肌肉组织进行静态和机械刺激培养,并评估肌腱单元内MTJ特异性蛋白(桩蛋白和XXII型胶原蛋白)的表达。将C2C12成肌细胞接种到由I型胶原蛋白或肌腱衍生的细胞外基质(tECM)制成的水凝胶中,并使其围绕可移动锚定物形成。使工程化组织形成并稳定10天。培养10天后,对刺激培养物每天循环刺激3小时,持续2周和4周,同时进行静态培养。锚定物最大位移时的应变值平均约为0.10,该目标已被证明可诱导C2C12细胞产生肌源性表型。在静态培养中,2周后桩蛋白的蛋白质表达在水凝胶材料之间没有差异,但在机械刺激下,tECM中的表达增加了62%。这些差异在4周后仍然存在,相对于I型胶原蛋白,tECM组织中的表达分别增加了31%和57%。XXII型胶原蛋白的表达同样受到水凝胶材料和培养条件的影响。总体而言,这项研究结合了相关的微环境来研究肌肉与肌腱的相互作用,并使用新型生物反应器施加机械应变,这是天然MTJ形成和维持的重要调节因子。
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