阿尔茨海默病预防中的身体活动：性别差异以及脑源性神经营养因子和鸢尾素的作用

Physical activity in Alzheimer's disease prevention: Sex differences and the roles of BDNF and irisin.

作者信息

Barros-Aragão F G Q, Januszkiewicz E, Hunter T, Lyra E Silva N de M, De Felice F G

机构信息

Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department for Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department for Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

出版信息

Front Neuroendocrinol. 2025 Apr;77:101189. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101189. Epub 2025 Apr 12.

DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101189

PMID:40228745

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women, with postmenopausal hormonal changes contributing to elevated risk. Physical exercise is a promising, non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate cognitive decline and AD progression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and irisin are key molecular mediators of exercise-induced brain health and protection against AD pathology by promoting synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and reducing amyloidosis, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation in sex-specific mechanisms. This review explores sex and gender influences on exercise outcomes and their interaction with FNDC5/irisin and BDNF signaling pathways in the context of AD prevention. We highlight emerging evidence on the interplay between exercise, sex, and neuroprotective pathways, emphasizing the need for sex-sensitive research designs to advance precision approaches for AD prevention.

摘要

阿尔茨海默病（AD）对女性的影响尤为严重，绝经后激素变化会导致患病风险升高。体育锻炼是一种很有前景的非药物策略，可减轻认知衰退和AD的进展。脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和鸢尾素是运动诱导脑健康以及通过促进突触可塑性、神经发生，并在性别特异性机制中减少淀粉样变性、tau病理和神经炎症来预防AD病理的关键分子介质。本综述探讨了性别对运动结果的影响，以及在AD预防背景下它们与FNDC5/鸢尾素和BDNF信号通路的相互作用。我们强调了关于运动、性别和神经保护途径之间相互作用的新证据，强调需要采用对性别敏感的研究设计，以推进AD预防的精准方法。