Zhang Chunmei, Luo Ying, Zhang Ronghua
Department of psychology, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Institute of Developmental and Educational Psychology, School of Marxism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Apr 14;13(1):379. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02703-2.
Given the negative impact of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent behavioral development, understanding its underlying mechanisms is essential. Drawing on social development model, psychological reactance theory and adolescent-limited delinquency theory, this study examined the relationship between parenting behaviors and adolescents' deviant peer affiliation, as well as the mediating role of reactance and the moderating role of gender. The research involved 1,822 high school students (M = 15.28 years, SD = 2.40) from two provinces in China. All students completed a face-to-face questionnaire administered in a computer room at their respective school. This study found that parental emotional warmth was negatively correlated with adolescent deviant peer affiliation. On the contrary, parental rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with adolescent deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, the findings indicated that reactance significantly mediated the relationship between parental emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, and deviant peer affiliation, with reactance fully mediating the relationship between parental overprotection and deviant peer affiliation. Finally, the gender of the adolescent was found to significantly moderate the relationship between parental rejection (β = -0.10, p =.04), emotional warmth (β = 0.16, p =.003) and deviant peer affiliation, although no moderation was observed regarding parental overprotection. These results suggest that various parenting behaviors employ complex mechanisms to influence adolescents' deviant peer affiliation, with reactance and gender differences playing pivotal roles. This study offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying adolescent deviant peer affiliation and underscores the importance of reducing deviant peer affiliation through interventions targeting reactance and parenting behaviors.
鉴于偏差同伴交往对青少年行为发展的负面影响，了解其潜在机制至关重要。本研究借鉴社会发展模型、心理反抗理论和青少年有限犯罪理论，考察了养育行为与青少年偏差同伴交往之间的关系，以及反抗的中介作用和性别的调节作用。该研究涉及来自中国两个省份的1822名高中生（M = 15.28岁，SD = 2.40）。所有学生在各自学校的计算机房完成了一份面对面问卷调查。本研究发现，父母情感温暖与青少年偏差同伴交往呈负相关。相反，父母拒绝和过度保护与青少年偏差同伴交往呈正相关。此外，研究结果表明，反抗在父母情感温暖、拒绝、过度保护与偏差同伴交往之间的关系中起显著中介作用，反抗完全中介了父母过度保护与偏差同伴交往之间的关系。最后，发现青少年的性别在父母拒绝（β = -0.10，p = 0.04）、情感温暖（β = 0.16，p = 0.003）与偏差同伴交往之间的关系中起显著调节作用，不过在父母过度保护方面未观察到调节作用。这些结果表明，各种养育行为通过复杂机制影响青少年的偏差同伴交往，反抗和性别差异起着关键作用。本研究为青少年偏差同伴交往的潜在机制提供了新的见解，并强调了通过针对反抗和养育行为的干预来减少偏差同伴交往的重要性。
