Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, LinCui Road 16, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China,
J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Jul;44(7):1396-412. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0288-y. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
Affiliation with deviant peers is associated with biologically influenced personal attributes, and is itself a major contributor to growth in antisocial behavior over childhood and adolescence. Several studies have shown that variance in child and adolescent deviant peer affiliation includes genetic and non-genetic influences, but none have examined longitudinal genetic and environmental stability or change within the context of harsh parenting. To address this gap, we tested the moderating role of harsh parenting on genetic and environmental stability or change of deviant peer affiliation in a longitudinal (spanning one and a half years) study of Chinese child and adolescent twin pairs (N = 993, 52.0% female). Using multiple informants (child- and parent-reports) and measurement methods to minimize rater bias, we found that individual differences in deviant peer affiliation at each assessment were similarly explained by moderate genetic and nonshared environmental variance. The longitudinal stability and change of deviant peer affiliation were explained by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. The results also revealed that the genetic variance for deviant peer affiliation is higher in the families with harsher parenting. This amplified genetic risk underscores the role of harsh parenting in the selection and socialization process of deviant peer relationships.
与偏差同伴的关系与生物因素影响的个人特质有关，它本身也是导致儿童和青少年期反社会行为增长的主要因素。多项研究表明，儿童和青少年偏差同伴关系的差异包括遗传和非遗传因素的影响，但没有一项研究在严厉的父母教养背景下考察纵向遗传和环境稳定性或变化。为了弥补这一空白，我们在一项对中国儿童和青少年双胞胎（N=993，52.0%女性）进行的纵向（跨越一年半）研究中，测试了严厉的父母教养对偏差同伴关系遗传和环境稳定性或变化的调节作用。使用多个信息源（儿童和家长报告）和测量方法来最小化评价者偏差，我们发现，在每次评估中，偏差同伴关系的个体差异同样可以用适度的遗传和非共享环境方差来解释。偏差同伴关系的纵向稳定性和变化由遗传和非共享环境因素解释。研究结果还表明，在教养方式更严厉的家庭中，偏差同伴关系的遗传方差更高。这种放大的遗传风险突显了严厉的父母教养在偏差同伴关系的选择和社会化过程中的作用。
