Zhou Jie, Yang Jie, Zhang Wen-Liu
Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Apr 8;46(4):2398-2409. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202403255.
The Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, situated in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, serves as a crucial ecological function area and an environmental fragile zone. Therefore, studying the changes in ecosystem services and their associated trade-offs in this region is important for sustainable development. This study focuses on the Gannan Prefecture, utilizing the InVEST model to analyze the spatio-temporal shifts in land use types from 1990 to 2020. The research evaluates four key ecosystem services within this region： soil conservation, water yield, habitat quality, and carbon storage. Furthermore, it explores the trade-off synergies among these services. The results showed that： ① Between 1990 and 2020, the Gannan Prefecture experienced significant shifts in land use patterns. Construction land, low-coverage grassland, water bodies, and arable land exhibited an increase, while forest land, medium-coverage grassland, high-coverage grassland, and unused land showed a decline. These transformations were widespread across the counties and districts of the Gannan Prefecture, with notable concentrations observed in its northern regions, such as Xiahe, Hezuo, and Zhuoni, and southern areas, including Maqu and Zhouqu. Specifically, arable land underwent predominant conversion into high-coverage grassland, while forest land similarly transitioned into high-coverage grassland. Conversely, high-coverage grassland was converted into forest land, and medium-coverage grassland transitioned into low-coverage grassland. ② Over the past three decades, substantial advancements have been observed in soil conservation and water yield, with increases of 2.90×10 t and 72.17×10 m. However, changes in habitat quality and carbon storage have been minimal. Spatially, the high values of these four ecosystem services were primarily located in vegetated areas such as forests and grasslands, with counties like Diebu, Zhouqu, Maqu, and Zhuoni serving as primary examples. Between 1990 and 2000, soil conservation and water yield declined in most regions, with the exception of the Maqu County. However, post-2000, a significant increase was noted in soil conservation and water yield in counties and districts such as Xiahe, Luqu, Maqu, and Lintan. Carbon storage remained relatively consistent in counties like Maqu, Diebu, and Zhouqu, with the primary reductions observed in the Xiahe County and Hezuo City. Between 1990 and 2020, habitat quality was found to be deficient in the majority of areas, particularly in counties and districts such as Xiahe, Hezuo, Luqu, and Diebu. Furthermore, progressive expansion of regions experiencing a decline in habitat quality has been observed over time. ③ At spatial scales of 1, 5, and 10 km, a synergistic relationship existed among the four ecosystem services, with soil conservation and carbon storage showing robust synergy. Spatial trade-offs were predominantly observed in regions such as Maqu and Diebu, but as the scale expanded, soil conservation, water yield, carbon storage, and habitat quality tended to become spatially synergistic. These findings provide a scientific basis for ecological sustainable development and land planning in Gannan Prefecture.
甘南藏族自治州位于黄河流域上游，是重要的生态功能区和环境脆弱区。因此，研究该地区生态系统服务的变化及其权衡关系对可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究聚焦于甘南州，利用InVEST模型分析了1990年至2020年土地利用类型的时空变化。研究评估了该地区四项关键生态系统服务：土壤保持、产水量、栖息地质量和碳储存。此外，还探讨了这些服务之间的权衡协同关系。结果表明：①1990年至2020年，甘南州土地利用格局发生了显著变化。建设用地、低覆盖度草地、水体和耕地面积增加，而林地、中覆盖度草地、高覆盖度草地和未利用地面积减少。这些变化在甘南州各县区广泛存在，在其北部地区如夏河、合作、卓尼以及南部地区如玛曲、舟曲有明显集中。具体而言，耕地主要转化为高覆盖度草地，林地也同样转化为高覆盖度草地。相反，高覆盖度草地转化为林地，中覆盖度草地转化为低覆盖度草地。②在过去三十年中，土壤保持和产水量有了显著提升，分别增加了2.90×10吨和72.17×10立方米。然而，栖息地质量和碳储存变化极小。在空间上，这四项生态系统服务的高值主要位于森林和草地等植被覆盖区域，迭部、舟曲、玛曲、卓尼等县是主要例证。1990年至2000年期间，除玛曲县外，大多数地区的土壤保持和产水量下降。但2000年后，夏河、碌曲、玛曲、临潭等县区的土壤保持和产水量显著增加。玛曲、迭部、舟曲等县的碳储存相对稳定，主要减少区域为夏河县和合作市。1990年至2020年期间，大多数地区的栖息地质量较差，特别是在夏河、合作、碌曲、迭部等县区。此外，随着时间推移，栖息地质量下降的区域在逐渐扩大。③在1公里、5公里和10公里的空间尺度上，四项生态系统服务之间存在协同关系，土壤保持和碳储存表现出较强的协同作用。空间权衡主要出现在玛曲和迭部等地区，但随着尺度扩大，土壤保持、产水量、碳储存和栖息地质量在空间上趋于协同。这些研究结果为甘南州的生态可持续发展和土地规划提供了科学依据。
