Shen Yuanjiang, Bayoude Alamusi, Zhang Jiaxin, Liang Lijian, Tilyek Akhtolkhyn, Chai Chengzhi
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 18130, Mongolia.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025 Sep 1;262:116901. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116901. Epub 2025 Apr 11.
Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) is a medicinal and edible plant recognized for its diverse bioactive constituents and has been widely utilized in Mongolian folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Decoctions and hydroethanolic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of RDP, including the fruits, stems, and leaves, have been employed in disease management. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the chemical profiles and bioactive properties of the fruits, stems, and leaves remains to be conducted. To bridge this gap, we conducted a detailed investigation into the chemical diversity and bioactive properties of the fruits, stems, and leaves of RDP. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the in vitro bioactivities, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities, were evaluated. A total of 55 compounds were identified across the various parts of RDP, with 28 detected in the fruits, 16 in the stems, and 33 in the leaves; notably, 5 compounds were common to all plant parts. Specifically, RDP fruits were characterized by unique amino acids (L-tyrosine and Abrine) as well as distinct flavonoids (Eriodictyol and Cyanidin-3-o-arabinose chloride) and phenylpropanoids (Ferulic acid and Caffeic acid methyl ester), whereas the stems contained unique fatty acid derivatives (9,10-Dihydroxy-8-oxooctadec-12-enoic acid), cyclic polyketides (Mycophenolic acid), and several tryptophan alkaloids (Paratunamide D). In contrast, the leaves were particularly rich in flavonoids (Kaempferol 3-O-rhamninoside and Kaempferol-7-O-neohesperidoside), phenolic acids (Gallic acid), and macrolides (Pyrenophorol). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities followed this order of IC50 values: for DPPH, RDP leaves (0.1047 mg/ml) > RDP stems (0.2173 mg/ml) > ; for ABTS, RDP leaves (0.2362 mg/ml) > RDP stems (0.5218 mg/ml) > RDP fruits (1.182 mg/ml). AML-12 cell models induced with LPS or TCA/CDCA were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts and their potential hepatoprotective effects. The results indicated that the various parts of RDP exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in AML-12 cells and alleviated TCA or CDCA-induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, RDP leaves demonstrated the most effective protective effect against TCA or CDCA-induced cytotoxicity, followed by the stems and fruits. In summary, these findings provide a scientific basis for the extensive application of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds derived from the fruits, stems, and leaves of RDP.
刺果茶藨子（RDP）是一种药食两用植物，因其含有多种生物活性成分而闻名，并已在蒙古民间医学中广泛用于治疗各种疾病。由RDP地上部分（包括果实、茎和叶）制备的汤剂和水乙醇提取物已用于疾病治疗。然而，果实、茎和叶的化学特征和生物活性特性的全面比较分析仍有待进行。为了填补这一空白，我们对RDP的果实、茎和叶的化学多样性和生物活性特性进行了详细研究。使用HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析提取物的植物化学成分，并评估其体外生物活性，包括抗氧化、细胞毒性、抗炎和保肝活性。在RDP的各个部位共鉴定出55种化合物，其中果实中检测到28种，茎中检测到16种，叶中检测到33种；值得注意的是，所有植物部位都含有5种共同的化合物。具体而言，RDP果实的特征是含有独特的氨基酸（L-酪氨酸和相思豆氨酸）以及独特的黄酮类化合物（圣草酚和氯化花青素-3-o-阿拉伯糖）和苯丙素类化合物（阿魏酸和咖啡酸甲酯），而茎中含有独特的脂肪酸衍生物（9,10-二羟基-8-氧代十八碳-12-烯酸）、环状聚酮化合物（霉酚酸）和几种色氨酸生物碱（副图酰胺D）。相比之下，叶中特别富含黄酮类化合物（山奈酚3-O-鼠李糖苷和山奈酚-7-O-新橙皮糖苷）、酚酸（没食子酸）和大环内酯类化合物（柄锈菌醇）。DPPH和ABTS自由基清除活性的IC50值遵循以下顺序：对于DPPH，RDP叶（0.1047mg/ml）>RDP茎（0.2173mg/ml）>；对于ABTS，RDP叶（0.2362mg/ml）>RDP茎（0.5218mg/ml）>RDP果实（1.182mg/ml）。采用LPS或TCA/CDCA诱导的AML-12细胞模型评估提取物的细胞毒性和抗炎作用及其潜在的保肝作用。结果表明，RDP的各个部位对LPS诱导的AML-12细胞炎症均表现出显著的抗炎作用，并减轻了TCA或CDCA诱导的肝毒性。值得注意的是，RDP叶对TCA或CDCA诱导的细胞毒性表现出最有效的保护作用，其次是茎和果实。总之，这些发现为广泛应用RDP果实、茎和叶中的植物化学成分和生物活性化合物提供了科学依据。
