Podladchikova Tatiana, Veronig Astrid M, Temmer Manuela, Hofmeister Stefan J
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Physics, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 15;15(1):12991. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97246-2.
Coronal holes (CHs) are known to be sources of high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs), yet the physical mechanisms linking CH position and characteristics to solar wind (SW) behaviour remain unclear. Our results reveal that the latitude of CHs, especially smaller ones, combined with the heliographic latitude of the solar disk's central point (B0 angle), plays a critical role in driving discrepancies in SW velocity across the heliosphere. To investigate this, we use archival data from STEREO-B, STEREO-A, and Earth to simulate an L5-L1 configuration, where L5 is a vantage point approximately [Formula: see text] behind Earth in its orbit (as proposed for the Vigil mission), and L1 is between Earth and the Sun where SW measurements are typically taken. We use these insights to develop a predictive algorithm for HSSs, beginning with an analysis of the separation angle and distances between L5 and L1. We then introduce a predictive indicator and empirical criteria based on CH properties and the B0 angle to adjust for changes in SW velocity at L1. Our results show that the L5 viewpoint demonstrates the capability to significantly improve the accuracy and lead times of HSS predictions, enhancing our understanding of the CH-HSS relationship and potentially improving space weather forecasting.
冕洞（CHs）是高速太阳风气流（HSSs）的来源，然而，将冕洞位置和特征与太阳风（SW）行为联系起来的物理机制仍不清楚。我们的结果表明，冕洞的纬度，特别是较小的冕洞的纬度，与太阳盘面中心点的日心纬度（B0角）相结合，在驱动整个日球层太阳风速度差异方面起着关键作用。为了对此进行研究，我们使用来自日地关系天文台B（STEREO - B）、日地关系天文台A（STEREO - A）和地球的存档数据来模拟一种L5 - L1配置，其中L5是地球轨道上位于地球后方约[公式：见正文]处的一个有利观测点（如“警惕”任务所提议的），而L1位于地球和太阳之间，通常在此处进行太阳风测量。我们利用这些见解开发了一种针对高速太阳风气流的预测算法，首先分析L5和L1之间的分离角和距离。然后，我们基于冕洞特性和B0角引入一个预测指标和经验标准，以调整L1处太阳风速度的变化。我们的结果表明，L5观测点显示出能够显著提高高速太阳风气流预测的准确性和提前时间，增强我们对冕洞 - 高速太阳风气流关系的理解，并有可能改善空间天气预报。
