Jayalakshmi Rajeev, Gaidhane Shilpa, Ballal Suhas, Kumar Sanjay, Bhat Mahakshit, Sharma Shilpa, Ravi Kumar M, Rustagi Sarvesh, Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli, Rai Nishant, Sah Sanjit, Lakhanpal Sorabh, Serhan Hashem Abu, Bushi Ganesh, Shabil Muhammed
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
One Health Centre, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India.
Matern Child Nutr. 2025 Jul;21(3):e13787. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13787. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
Maternal anaemia is a significant global health issue that adversely affects both maternal and foetal outcomes, particularly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of maternal anaemia on the risk of IUGR. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science until 28 February 2024. Eligible studies included observational designs that reported maternal anaemia and its association with IUGR or small for gestational age (SGA) outcomes. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model and heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic. The R software (version 4.3) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 38 studies involving 3,871,849 anaemic and 27,978,450 non-anaemic pregnant women were included. The pooled analysis demonstrated that anaemia in pregnancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of IUGR (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.62, I² = 97%). Subgroup analyses by anaemia severity showed non-significant associations for mild (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.58-1.23) and moderate anaemia (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.48-1.98), while severe anaemia indicated a higher, though non-significant, risk of IUGR (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.69-2.93). Maternal anaemia is associated with a heightened risk of IUGR, highlighting the critical need for effective management and early intervention strategies within prenatal care settings. Future research should focus on elucidating the effects of different severities of anaemia on birth outcomes, including IUGR and long-term effects later in life.
孕产妇贫血是一个重大的全球健康问题，对孕产妇和胎儿结局均有不利影响，尤其是宫内生长受限（IUGR）。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在整合现有证据，以探讨孕产妇贫血对IUGR风险的影响。我们在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane和Web of Science上进行了全面检索，截至2024年2月28日。符合条件的研究包括报告孕产妇贫血及其与IUGR或小于胎龄（SGA）结局关联的观察性设计。采用随机效应模型计算合并比值比（OR），并用I²统计量评估异质性。使用R软件（版本4.3）进行统计分析。共纳入38项研究，涉及3871849名贫血孕妇和27978450名非贫血孕妇。汇总分析表明，孕期贫血与IUGR风险显著增加相关（OR = 1.30，95%CI：1.05 - 1.62，I² = 97%）。按贫血严重程度进行的亚组分析显示，轻度贫血（OR = 0.84，95%CI：0.58 - 1.23）和中度贫血（OR = 0.98，95%CI：0.48 - 1.98）与IUGR无显著关联，而重度贫血提示IUGR风险较高，但无统计学意义（OR = 1.42，95%CI：0.69 - 2.93）。孕产妇贫血与IUGR风险增加相关，这凸显了在产前护理环境中进行有效管理和早期干预策略的迫切需求。未来的研究应侧重于阐明不同严重程度贫血对出生结局的影响，包括IUGR以及对生命后期的长期影响。
