Berger S A
Rev Infect Dis. 1985 May-Jun;7(3):357-67. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.3.357.
Antimicrobial agents are used in the treatment of a variety of noninfectious diseases. Therapeutic action may be directed against the host immune system as well as against the microbe. Some actions conventionally classified as toxic may be therapeutically or diagnostically desirable under unusual clinical circumstances. Antibiotics are used for both their antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties to treat several dermatologic and immune-mediated diseases. Tetracycline fluorescence indicates necrotic or malignant tissue and the depth of dermal burns. Tetracycline's affinity for new bone tissue formation has applications in both research and diagnostic assessments. Radiolabeled tetracycline can act as an imaging agent for the gall bladder and kidney. The sulfonamides and sulfones, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and some aminoglycosides also have been demonstrated to have unusual therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy, albeit by mechanisms not always understood. Although not all reported unconventional applications of antimicrobial agents remain in use, sharpening awareness of their multifaceted actions should encourage broader understanding of all agents traditionally confined to specific uses.
抗菌药物被用于治疗多种非感染性疾病。其治疗作用可能针对宿主免疫系统以及微生物。一些传统上被归类为有毒的作用在特殊临床情况下可能在治疗或诊断上是可取的。抗生素因其抗菌和抗炎特性被用于治疗多种皮肤病和免疫介导的疾病。四环素荧光可指示坏死或恶性组织以及皮肤烧伤的深度。四环素对新骨组织形成的亲和力在研究和诊断评估中都有应用。放射性标记的四环素可作为胆囊和肾脏的显像剂。磺胺类和砜类、氯霉素、甲硝唑以及一些氨基糖苷类药物也已被证明具有不同寻常的治疗和诊断功效，尽管其作用机制并不总是为人所理解。虽然并非所有报道的抗菌药物的非常规应用仍在使用，但提高对其多方面作用的认识应有助于更广泛地理解所有传统上局限于特定用途的药物。
